\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5e8f\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5168\u9762\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f49\u578b\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u5f48\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u5011\u5c31\u696d\u5b89\u5168\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff\u5916\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u800c\u4f86\u975e\u5178\u578b\u50f1\u7528\u5f62\u614b\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u7522\u751f\u8cea\u8b8a\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u4eab\u6709\u4e4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\u53ca\u6b0a\u76ca\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c \u800c\u5de5\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u6574\u9ad4\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u8b93\u96c7\u4e3b\u7d93\u71df\u7279\u6b0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u9020\u6210\u52de\u8cc7\u529b\u91cf\u56b4\u91cd\u5931\u8861\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u570b\u7c4d\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u8de8\u570b\u9593\u8cc7\u91d1\u4e4b\u6d41\u52d5\u53ca\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u6613\u5730\u6216\u900f\u904e\u4f9b\u61c9\u5354\u529b\u5ee0\u5546\u4e4b\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5df2\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u904e\u53bb\u50b3\u7d71\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u4e4b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u52e2\u5fc5\u9020\u6210\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6de1\u8584\uff0c\u800c\u85c9\u7531\u5167\u570b\u52de\u52d5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f86\u898f\u7bc4\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u53ca\u689d\u4ef6\u904b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6a5f\u80fd\u5927\u70ba\u524a\u6e1b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5c0d\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u6216\u4f4e\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u798f\u7949\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6ce2\u5168\u7403\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u81f4\u88ab\u4fb5\u8755\u6216\u524a\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70ba\u56e0\u61c9\u6b64\u4e00\u56b4\u5cfb\u4e4b\u65b0\u60c5\u52e2\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54\uff08International Labor Organization: ILO\uff09\u65e9\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u958b\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u5404\u570b\u8ac7\u5224\u7c4c\u7d44\u4e16\u754c\u8cbf\u6613\u7d44\u7e54\uff08World Trade Organization: WTO\uff09\u4e4b\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u63a8\u5c55\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6838\u5fc3\u300d\uff08core\uff09\u4e4b\u570b\u969b\u52de\u52d5\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u8cbf\u6d3b\u52d5\u65e5\u76ca\u983b\u7e41\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u517c\u9867\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u80fd\u904f\u963b\u793e\u6703\u50be\u92b7\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5728\u6b77\u7d93\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u591a\u908a\u6295\u8cc7\u53ca\u8cbf\u6613\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\u9054\u6210\u6b64\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u6548\u679c\u751a\u5c6c\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u5df2\u559a\u8d77\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u89ba\u9192\uff0c\u8b93\u4e16\u4eba\u9ad4\u6703\u5230\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7dad\u8b77\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6211\u570b\u8eab\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u6751\u4e4b\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u5916\u4f9d\u5b58\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u885d\u64ca\u4ea6\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u6ce2\u5efa\u69cb\u6838\u5fc3\u52de\u52d5\u57fa\u6e96\u4e4b\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u6211\u570b\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5c0d\u66f4\u5c45\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u6240\u8b02\u5728\u5730\u5f31\u52e2\u52de\u52d5\u65cf\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u8207\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u5be6\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u4e4b\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8b8a\u5316<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u7d04\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u6700\u9245\u89c0\u8005\u662f\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u6574\u9ad4\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5c0d\u5340\u57df\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6b50\u6d32\u806f\u76df\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u4e9e\u592a\u7d93\u5408\u6703\u7d44\u7e54 \u7b49\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u5fae\u89c0\u8005\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u5404\u570b\u4e4b\u570b\u5167\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u4e4b\u8b8a\u9077\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u52de\u52d5\u5834\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b64\u6ce2\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81ea\u4e03\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e4b\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08neo-liberalism\uff09\u4e4b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u985e\u89e3\u9664\u7ba1\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u985e\u653e\u5bec\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u4e4b\u898f\u5236\u5728\u5167\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u50b3\u7d71\u798f\u7279\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Fordism\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u4e4b\u6a21\u5f0f\u9010\u6f38\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u53ca\u6642\u300d\uff08just in time\uff09\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\u958b\u59cb\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6b64\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7522\u696d\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u66f4\u8b93\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7dca\u7e2e\u751f\u7522\u300d\uff08lean production\uff09\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u98a8\u884c\u4e00\u6642\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u53ca\u52e2\u5fc5\u4e5f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u50b3\u7d71\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u52de\u52d5\u6cd5\u5236\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u505a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u4e4b\u6b0a\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u4e4b\u89e3\u9664\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u5f48\u6027\u5316\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\u66f4\u6613\u5021\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u52de\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u53ca\u5de5\u8cc7\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u6f64\u53ca\u767c\u63ee\u6700\u5927\u751f\u7522\u529b\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f48\u6027\u5316\u5916\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u50f1\u5de5\u4eba\u6578\u53ca\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5f48\u6027\u5c08\u9580\u5316\u300d\uff08flexible specialization\uff09\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u9020\u6210\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u5c31\u696d\u5b89\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u4fdd\u969c\u53ca\u52de\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u4f4e\u843d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5de5\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u6a5f\u80fd\uff0c\u5247\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u5e02\u5834\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u8b93\u570b\u969b\u5316\u4e4b\u6b65\u8abf\u66f4\u5f62\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u969b\u7af6\u722d\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u591a\u570b\u7c4d\u516c\u53f8\u61c9\u904b\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u8b93\u751f\u7522\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u53ca\u92b7\u552e\u4e4b\u904e\u7a0b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u570b\u969b\u5316\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u5834\u5de5\u5ee0\u300d\uff08world-market factories\uff09\u52de\u5de5\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u8b8a\u9077\u53ca\u8f49\u578b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5104\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u4e4b\u885d\u64ca\u662f\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u898b\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5340\u57df\u6574\u5408\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u582a\u7a31\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u632b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u584a\u5167\u8cc7\u91d1\u3001\u8ca8\u54c1\u53ca\u52de\u5de5\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u524d\u8ff0\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u5404\u985e\u73fe\u8c61\u6709\u7570\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\uff0c\u6cc1\u4e14\u8f03\u5177\u898f\u6a21\u4e4b\u6b50\u6d32\u806f\u76df\u53ca\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8cbf\u6613\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u7b49\uff0c\u5e7e\u5747\u5c6c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5317\u65b9\u4e09\u5408\u6703\u300d\uff08Northern Triad\uff09\u4e4b\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u5176\u5340\u57df\u5167\u5404\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u9593\u4e4b\u5546\u696d\u4ea4\u5f80\u7e3d\u6578\u984d\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4e4b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u5c6c\u6df1\u9060\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5340\u57df\u9ad4\u6216\u662f\u5982\u6b50\u6d32\u806f\u76df\uff0c\u5e0c\u5180\u900f\u904e\u63a1\u7528\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8abf\u548c\u300d\uff08harmonization\uff09\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f86\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5c07\u5404\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u4e4b\u52de\u52d5\u6cd5\u5236\u53ca\u63aa\u65bd\u8da8\u5411\u4e00\u7d71\uff0c\u6216\u4e5f\u6709\u63a1\u7528\u900f\u904e\u63d0\u6607\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u5167\u570b\u52de\u52d5\u57fa\u6e96\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6b0a\u76ca\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u5317\u7f8e\u52de\u52d5\u4e8b\u52d9\u5408\u4f5c\u5354\u5b9a\u4e4b\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u6210\u6548\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u7a81\u986f\u51fa\u5728\u5168\u7403\u53ca\u5340\u57df\u7d93\u8cbf\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5ffd\u7565\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u798f\u7949\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\u985e\u5340\u57df\u7d93\u6fdf\u6574\u5408\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8996\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u9593\u52de\u52d9\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e92\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u524d\u8ff0\u6709\u95dc\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u4e4b\u4e00\u822c\u8b8a\u9077\u60c5\u5f62\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u5916\u7c4d\u52de\u5de5\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\u53ca\u7ba1\u5236\u7b49\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\u4e4b\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e00\u4e00\u865f\u516c\u7d04\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u7b2c [1) [a) \u9805\u660e\u78ba\u5ba3\u793a\u300c\u6b67\u8996\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a[i) \u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u819a\u8272\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u8840\u7d71\u6216\u793e\u6703\u9580\u95a5\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u505a\u8db3\u4ee5\u640d\u5bb3\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u5c31\u696d\u8207\u8077\u696d\u65b9\u9762\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u5f85\u9047\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u5206\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u512a\u60e0\uff1b\u53ca[ii) \u7d93\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u8207\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e4b\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u52de\u5de5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u80fd\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u8db3\u4ee5\u640d\u5bb3\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u5c31\u696d\u8207\u8077\u696d\u65b9\u9762\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u5f85\u9047\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u5206\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u512a\u60e0\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u516c\u7d04\u4e5f\u5217\u6709\u591a\u9805\u4f8b\u5916\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0d\u5f97\u8996\u70ba\u6b67\u8996\uff1a[i) \u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5340\u5206\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u512a\u60e0\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5404\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u800c\u4f86\u8005\uff1b[ii) \u5c0d\u8b49\u660e\u6d89\u5acc\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6216\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e8b\u70ba\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6d3b\u52d5\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f55\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u8a72\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u5411\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u7533\u8a34\u8005\u70ba\u9650\uff1b[iii) \u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u5927\u6703\u901a\u904e\u4e4b\u516c\u7d04\u53ca\u5efa\u8b70\u66f8\u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u4e4b\u7279\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u6216\u5354\u52a9\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7b49\uff1b\u53ca[iv) \u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u6848\u300d\uff08affirmative action programs\uff09\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u4e4b\u7279\u5225\u4fdd\u8b77\u6216\u5354\u52a9\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u66fe\u5728\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e09\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u4e00\u8207\u7dad\u8b77\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u5168\u7403\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u88ab\u5b9a\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4f86\u81e8\u300b\uff08Time for Equality at Work\uff09\u5831\u544a\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\u5171\u6709\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8aaa\u660e\u5c31\u696d\u5e73\u7b49\u5df2\u7d93\u9010\u6f38\u7531\u539f\u5247\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e26\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u51fa\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u5e36\u539f\u8005\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u53ca\u591a\u91cd\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u6210\u56e0\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u5c07\u7279\u5225\u4ee5\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u5728\u5169\u6027\u85aa\u8cc7\u5831\u916c\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7b49\u4e4b\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u56e0\u61c9\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u76e3\u7763\u57f7\u884c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u5925\u4f34\u5728\u5c0d\u6297\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u4e0a\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5277\u9664\u7a2e\u65cf\u53ca\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u5404\u9805\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u7279\u5225\u5f31\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7a2e\u5354\u52a9\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u91dd\u5c0d\u96c7\u4e3b\u53ca\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u61c9\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\u52a0\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u672a\u4f86\u5277\u9664\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u9f13\u5439\u53ca\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u4e09\u9805\u7b56\u7565\u70ba\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e03\u5e74\u516d\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5ea6\u516c\u5e03\u6709\u95dc\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u63a8\u52d5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u5168\u7403\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6b64\u4e00\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u9762\u5c0d\u6311\u6230\u300b\uff08Equality at Work: Tackling the Challenges\uff09\u4e4b\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u524d\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u5927\u9ad4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u5e73\u7b49\u6b64\u4e8c\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u5217\u51fa\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u6b67\u8996\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5e73\u7b49\u5247\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5c0d\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u7981\u6b62\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u72c0\uff0c\u8b93\u8077\u5834\u80fd\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\uff08inclusive\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5f37\u8abf\u5728\u6b0a\u8861\uff08measuring\uff09\u6b67\u8996\u60c5\u5f62\u6642\uff0c\u6b63\u78ba\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u900f\u904e\u5340\u57df\u7d44\u7e54\u53ca\u500b\u5225\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u6709\u9577\u8db3\u4e4b\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u4ee5\u5448\u73fe\u66f4\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u4e4b\u5be6\u6cc1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u6307\u51fa\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u76ee\u524d\u4e4b\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e9\u5df2\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u4e4b\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u4ecd\u96e3\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u4e4b\u7a2e\u65cf\u53ca\u4eba\u7a2e\u8840\u7d71\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u5c0d\u5916\u7c4d\u52de\u5de5\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u57fa\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u51fa\u8eab\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u65b0\u8208\u5f62\u614b\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u5247\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5e74\u9f61\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u6027\u50be\u5411\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u5c0dHIV\u5e36\u539f\u8005\u8207\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u8005\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u5217\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u5373\u5c07\u5f15\u7206\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u6b67\u8996\uff08genetic discrimination\uff09\u53ca\u57fa\u65bc\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u614b\uff08lifestyle\uff09\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u6aa2\u8a0e\u81ea\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6709\u95dc\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u4e4b\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u3001\u7279\u5225\u8655\u7406\u6b64\u985e\u722d\u8b70\u5c08\u9580\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3001\u57f7\u6cd5\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5169\u6027\u85aa\u8cc7\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7b49\u4e4b\u5be6\u65bd\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u793e\u6703\u5925\u4f34\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96c7\u4e3b\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5de5\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u5354\u5546\u53ca\u4f01\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u4f75\u52a0\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u5225\u5256\u6790\u570b\u969b\u52de\u5de5\u7d44\u7e54\u904e\u53bb\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u9054\u6210\u4e4b\u76ee\u6a19\u53ca\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u4e4b\u65b0\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u5c07\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a8\u52d5\u5169\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5c0a\u56b4\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\uff08Decent Work\uff09\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6\u8a08\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u7981\u6b62\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\uff08mainstreaming\uff09\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u52a0\u5f37\u57f7\u884c\u3001\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u975e\u7ba1\u5236\u6027\u4e4b\u4e3b\u52d5\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u5925\u4f34\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e0a\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u767c\u63ee\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6211\u570b\u5728\u5730\u5f31\u52e2\u52de\u52d5\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n
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\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u63a1\u76f8\u95dc\u5c0d\u7b56\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u8a55\u6790<\/p>\n
\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u70ba\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u5728\u5730\u5f31\u52e2\u52de\u52d5\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u76ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u884c\u653f\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u63a1\u53d6\u751a\u591a\u7a4d\u6975\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6210\u6548\u8912\u8cb6\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u582a\u7a31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6211\u570b\u52de\u52d5\u6cd5\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u8f03\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\u4e4b\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u70ba\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u9664\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u660e\u5b9a\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u5728\u76f4\u8f44\u5e02\u5e02\u53ca\u5404\u7e23\u5e02\u8a2d\u7acb\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u8a55\u8b70\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ca0\u8cac\u5be9\u8b70\u6b64\u985e\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u570b\u5df2\u5171\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u500b\u6b64\u985e\u8a55\u8b70\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u3001\u81fa\u5317\u7e23\u3001\u6843\u5712\u7e23\u3001\u81fa\u4e2d\u5e02\u53ca\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u3001\u9ad8\u96c4\u7e23\u7b49\u90fd\u6703\u5340\u6216\u5de5\u5546\u696d\u8f03\u70ba\u767c\u9054\u4e4b\u7e23\u5e02\u904b\u4f5c\u8f03\u70ba\u9806\u66a2\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5728\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e8c\u5e74\u5be6\u65bd\u4e4b\u5169\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\uff08\u73fe\u5df2\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u52de\u5de5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u53ca\u53e6\u5916\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u7e23\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u5df2\u6210\u7acb\u5169\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08\u73fe\u4ea6\u5df2\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff09\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u8655\u7406\u6709\u95dc\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u7533\u8a34\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5f8c\u8005\u6210\u7acb\u8f03\u70ba\u665a\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u6027\u5225\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u50be\u5411\uff09\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u8b70\u984c\u4e00\u5411\u8f03\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u5973\u6027\u52de\u52d5\u53c3\u8207\u7387\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u6027\u5225\u5e73\u7b49\u53ca\u8077\u5834\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\u4e4b\u9632\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u8f03\u5927\u4e4b\u529f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u6d88\u6975\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5728\u5730\u5f31\u52e2\u52de\u52d5\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u524d\u8ff0\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fee\u6b63\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u6642\uff0c\u9084\u4ee5\u5c08\u7ae0\u5023\u6548\u5728\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u76db\u884c\u4e4b\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u884c\u52d5\u65b9\u6848\u300d\uff08affirmative action programs\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u898f\u5b9a\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u6216\u627f\u5305\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5951\u7d04\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u4e4b\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f86\u4e3b\u52d5\u50f1\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u53ca\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5176\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u570b\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u8005\u662f\u300c\u5b9a\u984d\u9032\u7528\u300d\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8207\u6b50\u7f8e\u570b\u5bb6\u76ee\u524d\u7d93\u5e38\u5f15\u8d77\u722d\u8b70\u4e4b\u786c\u6027\u300c\u914d\u984d\u300d\uff08quota\uff09\u505a\u6cd5\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u6975\u6613\u7522\u751f\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u53cd\u5411\u6b67\u8996\u300d\uff08reverse-discrimination\uff09\u4e4b\u7d1b\u722d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u6b64\u985e\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e4b\u610f\u898b\u8209\u68cb\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u6211\u570b\u5728\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u6642\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u70ba\u5be9\u614e\u7d30\u81f4\u4e4b\u914d\u5957\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5be6\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u5728\u5730\u5f31\u52e2\u52de\u52d5\u65cf\u7fa4\u6642\u6240\u61c9\u540c\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\u5236\u6642\u53e6\u4e00\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u4e4b\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u5e74\u9f61\u53ca\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u6b64\u985e\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u722d\u8b70\u300d\uff0c\u7a76\u61c9\u55ae\u7368\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u7d71\u4e00\u5236\u5b9a\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u300d\u800c\u4e00\u9ad4\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b50\u7f8e\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u7d93\u9a57\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u5e74\u9f61\u6b67\u8996\u53ca\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u6b67\u8996\u53e6\u7acb\u65b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\u6c11\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff08Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964\uff09\u6240\u898f\u7bc4\u4e4b\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u819a\u8272\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6027\u5225\u53ca\u539f\u59cb\u570b\u7c4d\u4e4b\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u806f\u76df\u5247\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u5404\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u5236\u5b9a\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f86\u6db5\u84cb\u3002\u6211\u570b\u76ee\u524d\u50c5\u5728\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u300c\u5e74\u9f61\u300d\u5169\u5b57\uff0c\u5373\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u5efa\u69cb\u5b8c\u6574\u4e4b\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u5e74\u9f61\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5be6\u5c6c\u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u5c31\u696d\u5e74\u9f61\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\uff08Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967: ADEA\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c07\u9069\u7528\u5c0d\u8c61\u9650\u65bc\u50f1\u7528\u54e1\u5de5\u4e8c\u5341\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u516c\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5c07\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c0d\u8c61\u8a02\u70ba\u5e74\u9f61\u5728\u56db\u5341\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u53d7\u50f1\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u8ce6\u4e88\u96c7\u4e3b\u591a\u7a2e\u4f8b\u5916\u689d\u6b3e\uff08exemptions\uff09\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u514d\u8cac\u6297\u8a00\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u5167\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u25cb\u7f8e\u570b\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u4eba\u58eb\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff08Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: ADA\uff09\u6975\u70ba\u9650\u7e2e\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u5f70\u986f\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6b64\u985e\u7d1b\u722d\u6642\u61c9\u540c\u6642\u517c\u9867\u52de\u96c7\u96d9\u65b9\u6b0a\u76ca\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u570b\u63a8\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u914c\u63f4\u5f15\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u696d\u4e0a\u6027\u50be\u5411\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u6b50\u7f8e\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u5ee3\u53d7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e4b\u65b0\u8208\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u9084\u672a\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4fdd\u8b77\u6b64\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u514d\u65bc\u906d\u53d7\u5c31\u696d\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u806f\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u80fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u76f8\u95dc\u5dde\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u806f\u90a6\u5404\u7d1a\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e4b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4e0d\u61c9\u53d7\u524d\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\u6c11\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u5011\u5728\u8077\u5834\u4e0a\u6240\u906d\u5230\u4e4b\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9069\u7528\u8a72\u6cd5\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u806f\u76df\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u4e0a\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u4e4b\u5c31\u696d\u6b0a\u7d66\u4e88\u8f03\u5bec\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u9072\u81f3\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u624d\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u5230\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u516d\u5e74\u65b9\u4ee5\u5167\u570b\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\uff0c\u53cd\u89c0\u6211\u570b\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u524d\u8ff0\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5169\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u76f4\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u4e00\u8a5e\u505a\u64f4\u5145\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u50be\u5411\u6b67\u8996\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u4e8c\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd1\u671f\u5167\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\u6642\uff0c\u53c8\u7279\u5225\u5c07\u6027\u50be\u5411\u81ea\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u62bd\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u6cd5\u5c07\u6027\u50be\u5411\u5217\u5165\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u9805\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u906d\u885b\u9053\u4eba\u58eb\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u9644\u5e36\u6c7a\u8b70\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u7e2e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u7121\u59a8\u4fdd\u8b77\u6b64\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u5c31\u696d\u6b0a\u4e4b\u539f\u7fa9\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u53e6\u5728\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e94\u5e74\u5373\u66fe\u5236\u5b9a\u6027\u5225\u6559\u80b2\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\uff0c\u660e\u5b9a\u5728\u5404\u7d1a\u6559\u80b2\u968e\u6bb5\u5373\u61c9\u91cd\u8996\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e4b\u53d7\u6559\u6b0a\uff0c\u8db3\u898b\u6211\u570b\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u78ba\u5c6c\u76f8\u7576\u5148\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n
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\uff08\u516d\uff09\u7d50\u8a9e<\/p>\n
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