\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u800c\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u500b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u9054\u6210\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5929\u8ce6\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8207\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u91cd\u8996\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4eba\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u300d\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4e92\u76f8\u9593\u5b58\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u8077\u5834\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u5340\u5225\u4e5f\u662f\u61c9\u8a72\u4e14\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u554f\u7684\u662f\u4f55\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u662f\u5408\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff1b\u4f55\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u5247\u6709\u9055\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5169\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\u767c\u5c55\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u5340\u5206\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u8207\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8f03\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a\u7d71\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u3001\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u9ede\uff08Ysseldyke & Algozzine, 1995\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u904b\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fc2\u4ee5\u6578\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u5e38\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u53bb\u67e5\u51fa\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u8a72\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e4b\u7576\u70ba\u5224\u5b9a\u500b\u9ad4\u80fd\u529b\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u91ab\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u91ab\u7642\u8a3a\u65b7\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u73fe\u6cc1\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u5b9a\u3002\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u9ede\u5247\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u5c0d\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ad6\u65b7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8077\u5834\u4e0a\u7e3d\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u6bd4\u8f03\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u8655\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5176\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\uff1f\u82e5\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u4f55\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u6574\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u773e\u9020\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u4fc2\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u5fc3\u8868\u73fe\u7570\u5e38\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u8868\u793a\u500b\u9ad4\u8eab\u5fc3\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7121\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u8655\u65bc\u843d\u5f8c\u6216\u52a3\u8cea\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c3\u8003Kirk and Gallagher[1983)\u5c0d\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\u4e0b\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\u6210\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u611f\u89ba\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u52d5\u4f5c\u6216\u751f\u7406\u7279\u8cea\u3001\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u6e9d\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9805\u6216\u591a\u9805[\u5169\u9805\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a)\u504f\u96e2\u4e00\u822c\u6216\u5e38\u614b\u73fe\u8c61\u8005\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u504f\u96e2\u73fe\u8c61\u9020\u6210\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u8077\u696d\u5834\u6240\u4e2d\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u8077\u5834\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8077\u5834\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u8077\u52d9\u518d\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u904b\u7528\u79d1\u6280\u8f14\u5177\u52a0\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u3001\u6539\u5584\u8077\u5834\u74b0\u5883\u4f7f\u6210\u70ba\u7121\u969c\u7919\u3001\u5b89\u6392\u4eba\u54e1\u652f\u6301\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u7522\u91cf\u7522\u80fd\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u5176\u767c\u63ee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8077\u5834\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u52de\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u7e3d\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u4f9d\u7167\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u969c\u7919\u985e\u5225\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u8207\u5be6\u52d9\u754c\u90fd\u958b\u59cb\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u969c\u7919\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u5c31\u80fd\u904b\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7b56\u7565\u53bb\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u9700\u6c42\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u5021\u5c0e\u61c9\u8a72\u4f9d\u7167\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u9700\u6c42\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u5c07\u300c\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u300d\u4fee\u8a02\u70ba\u300c\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u6b0a\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u570b\u5167\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u751f\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u9078\u64c7\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u5148\u5929\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u4e0b\u4f86\u4fbf\u662f\u500b\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u751f\u4e0b\u5f8c\u56e0\u70ba\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545\u4fc3\u6210\u5176\u8b8a\u70ba\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005 [\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c3\u8003\u4f55\u83ef\u570b\uff0c\u6c1180\uff1b\u67ef\u5e73\u9806\uff0c2007) \u3002<\/p>\n
\u5148\u5929\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u7576\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u7522\u524d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6216\u85e5\u7269\u50b7\u5bb3\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u3001\u751f\u7522\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5bb6\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u51fa\u751f\u5f8c\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u5f62\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5011\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u5982\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u8eca\u798d\u6216\u9ad8\u8655\u8dcc\u843d\u7684\u91cd\u64ca\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8166\u50b7\u3001\u810a\u9ad3\u640d\u50b7\u3001\u80a2\u9ad4\u640d\u50b7\u7b49\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u8b8a\u3001\u5e74\u8001\u9ad4\u8870\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516b\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u300d\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u6240\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8a72\u6709\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002
\n\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff0c\u96d6\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8207\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u59a8\u7919\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u70ba\u539f\u5247\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7e3d\u7d71[Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1882-1945)\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u516d\u65e5\u5728\u570b\u6703\u7684\u570b\u60c5\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u9805\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531[The Freedom of speech and expression)\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531[The Freedom of every person to worship God in his own way)\uff0c\u514d\u65bc\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\u81ea\u7531[The Freedom from want)\uff0c\u514d\u65bc\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u81ea\u7531[The Freedom from fear)\u70ba\u4e3b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u514d\u65bc\u5331\u4e4f\u8207\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5169\u9805\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4eba\u82e5\u80fd\u6709\u8077\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u80fd\u514d\u65bc\u5331\u4e4f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u4e00\u5929\u5230\u665a\u90fd\u5728\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u64cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u514d\u65bc\u6050\u61fc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\uff0c\u8ac7\u7684\u662f\u300c\u771f\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u800c\u975e\u9f4a\u982d\u5f0f\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u500b\u4eba\u689d\u4ef6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u6709\u8868\u73fe\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u8077\u696d\u5834\u6240\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u8981\u6c42\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u9f4a\u982d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u6b0a\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u81ea\u767c\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4f86\u5021\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e14\u9032\u800c\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5bb9\u6613\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u4e09\u5e74\u6b50\u76df\u5728\u5176\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u61b2\u6cd5\u689d\u7d04\u300d\u4e2d\u7d0d\u5165\u300c\u6b50\u76df\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u61b2\u7ae0\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u6b0a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6709\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2[\u6d2a\u5fb7\u6b3d\uff0c\u6c1193)\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u50cf\u904e\u53bb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4eba\u6b0a\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u7d93\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u50c5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u5e38\u8b93\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u91cd\u8996\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u7a7a\u8ac7\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u6211\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u91dd\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u63a1\u7528\u8a02\u5b9a\u6cd5\u898f\u4f86\u8981\u6c42\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u806f\u5408\u570b\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u5ba3\u793a
\n\u300c\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u8077\u696d\u3001\u4e26\u53d7\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e26 \u4eab\u53d7\u514d\u65bc\u5931\u696d\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002
\n \u4e8c\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u6b67\u8996\u3002
\n \u4e09\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u4eab\u53d7\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b49\u4f7f\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba \u548c\u5bb6\u5c6c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\u4e26\u8f14\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u3002
\n \u56db\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u53c3\u52a0\u5de5\u6703\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u56db\u500b\u689d\u6587\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8996\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\uff1f\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5225\u5c07\u6b64\u9805\u7d0d\u5165\u70ba\u300c\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u7279\u5225\u5c08\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5217\u5728\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\u7ae0\u88e1\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u4ee3\u8868\u52de\u5de5\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u91cd\u8996\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\uff1f\u91cd\u8996\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u5de5\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u6216\u5f71\u97ff\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\uff1f\u9019\u8ddf\u521d\u671f\u63a8\u52d5\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6559\u80b2\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u511f\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u7528\u4f86\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u7cbe\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5831\u916c\u7387\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6070\u7576\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u524d\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u8077\u696d\u3001\u53d7\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4eab\u53d7\u514d\u65bc\u5931\u696d\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u300d\u5ba3\u793a\u55ce\uff1f\u5b83\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u82e5\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u80fd\u5b89\u5b9a\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u56f0\u64fe\u6216\u8f03\u5c11\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7e3d\u7d71\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u514d\u65bc\u5331\u4e4f\u300d\u8207\u300c\u514d\u65bc\u6050\u61fc\u300d\u5169\u9805\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u58eb\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u6703\u6436\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u7a2e\u64d4\u5fc3\u662f\u6709\u9ede\u591a\u9918\u7684\u3002\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u5404\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8cea\u4e26\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6cc1\u4e14\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u61c9\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u4eab\u6709\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u80fd\u4e0d\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u5de5\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u662f\u5426\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u5de5\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u610f\u7fa9\uff1f<\/p>\n
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\u4e94\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n
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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u898f\u4f86\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u5354\u52a9\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u80fd\u4e3b\u52d5\u8058\u7528\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u8a72\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u751f\u7522\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u8207\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u8a8d\u8b58\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u9650\u5236\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6b0a\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u8981\u9054\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n
[\u4e00)\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a
\n\u6709\u95dc\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4fc3\u9032\u5c31\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u8207\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u798f\u5229\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5167\u5bb9\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u6240\u5340\u9694\u3002\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u5f15\u5c0e\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ca\u8207\u5176\u76f8\u8655\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e0d\u7576\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u76f8\u8655\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u52de\u653f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u9664\u4e86\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u5ba3\u5c0e\u91cd\u9ede\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u8b93\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8207\u5354\u52a9\u5167\u5bb9\u6216\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5426\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u7522\u751f\u96c7\u7528\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u4e8c)\u9f13\u52f5\u8a66\u7528\uff1a
\n\u5ba3\u5c0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u56fa\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u60df\u6c92\u6709\u8ddf\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u670b\u53cb\u76f8\u8655\u904e\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u9084\u662f\u6703\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9f13\u52f5\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u8a66\u7528\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u52de\u5de5\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8a02\u6709\u5354\u52a9\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u8a66\u7528\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u77e5\u9053\u9084\u4e0d\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u53bb\u5ba3\u5c0e\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8a66\u7528\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u597d\u8655\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9700\u8981\u8b93\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u4e09)\u9069\u4efb\u652f\u6301\uff1a
\n\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u5728\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u652f\u6301\u6027\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u521d\u4efb\u8077\u52d9\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u52de\u5de5\u90fd\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u54e1\u8981\u6709\u300c\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52d9\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u54e1\u5728\u9032\u884c\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u8f03\u591a\u63a1\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u89aa\u81ea\u9032\u884c\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u5c31\u670d\u54e1\u8ca0\u8377\u904e\u91cd\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u670d\u52d9\u5fc5\u8981\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7e3d\u662f\u5acc\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5f80\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u6210\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u54e1\u5728\u904b\u7528\u540c\u5115\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4ecd\u6709\u52a0\u5f37\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53c8\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5c31\u670d\u54e1\u591a\u6578\u662f\u525b\u96e2\u958b\u5b78\u6821\u6c92\u591a\u4e45\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5011\u7d14\u719f\u5730\u904b\u7528\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u969b\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5176\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c07\u4f86\u5728\u990a\u6210\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8ab2\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u8a13\u7df4\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u56db)\u958b\u767c\u591a\u5143\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a
\n\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u80fd\u5426\u6eff\u8db3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u7121\u5948\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u6709\u8cf4\u884c\u653f\u7576\u5c40\u591a\u8cbb\u5fc3\uff0c\u8a2d\u6cd5\u591a\u958b\u767c\u5404\u7a2e\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b93\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u627e\u5230\u5408\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u4e94)\u5f37\u5316\u8077\u5834\u8077\u6280\u5354\u52a9\uff1a
\n\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u53d7\u9650\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u8a31\u591a\u9650\u5236\u8207\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u9806\u5229\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u4e14\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u7522\u80fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5354\u52a9\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u8003\u5e7e\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n
1.\u8077\u52d9\u518d\u8a2d\u8a08\uff1a\u91dd\u5c0d\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u6709\u95dc\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u9806\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u3002
\n2.\u8077\u6280\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8077\u5834\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u8077\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u6709\u6642\u5019\u70ba\u5176\u969c\u7919\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u80fd\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u627e\u51fa\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4f55\u7a2e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u79d1\u6280\u8f14\u5177\u6216\u4eba\u529b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
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[\u516d)\u8077\u5834\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1a
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