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\n参\u3001\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u91ab\u7642\u554f\u984c\u4e9f\u9700\u6539\u5584
\n\u4f9d\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5dde\u8207\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u4ee4\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u76e3\u6240\u6a5f\u69cb\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9069\u7576\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u689d\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u57281976\u5e74\u7f8e\u570bEstelle v. Gamble \u5224\u4f8b \u4e2d\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u76e3\u7344\u5982\u679c\u6545\u610f\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3 \u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u8feb\u5207\u91ab\u7642\u9700\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u689d\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u800c\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u53ca\u7259\u79d1\u4fdd\u5065\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u89f8\u72af\u6cd5\u7d00\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u9808\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65bd\u4e88\u5211\u7f70\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u61c9\u64da\u6b64\u525d\u596a\u5176\u7dad\u8b77\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u3001\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u4ecd\u61c9\u7d66\u4e88\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c1a\u672a\u5224\u5211\u4e4b\u88ab\u544a\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\n\u6211\u570b\u76ee\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u5211\u4e8b\u57f7\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u3001\u5916\u5f79\u76e3\u689d\u4f8b\u3001\u5c11\u5e74\u77ef\u6b63\u5b78\u6821\u8a2d\u7f6e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u65bd\u901a\u5247\u3001\u5c11\u5e74\u89c0\u8b77\u6240\u8a2d\u7f6e\u53ca\u5be6\u65bd\u901a\u5247\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u898f\u5b9a\u5247\u6e96\u7528\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u6212\u6cbb\u8655\u5206\u57f7\u884c\u689d\u4f8b\u3001\u7f88\u62bc\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u5211\u4e8b\u57f7\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u6e96\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8332\u5c31\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u8aaa\u660e\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4e4b\u5404\u7a2e\u898f\u5b9a[\u8cf4\u64c1\u9023\uff0c1999)\uff1a
\n1.\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u53ca\u9810\u9632\u6ce8\u5c04\uff1a [51\u689d)\u3002
\n2. \u6025\u6027\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u9810\u9632\u8207\u9694\u96e2\uff1a [52\u300153\u689d)\u3002
\n3.\u5728\u76e3\u91ab\u5e2b\u91ab\u6cbb\uff1a\uff0854\u689d\uff09\u3002
\n4.\u79fb\u9001\u75c5\u76e3\uff1a\uff0855\u689d\uff09\u3002\uff0856\u689d\uff09\u3002
\n5.\u81ea\u8cbb\u5ef6\u91ab\u8a3a\u6cbb\uff1a\uff0857\u689d\uff09\u3002
\n6.\u4fdd\u5916\u91ab\u6cbb\uff1a [58\u689d)\u3002
\n\u4f9d\u524d\u63ed\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u6211\u570b\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9810\u9632\u3001\u60a3\u75c5\u5f8c\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u8207\u6536\u5bb9\u3001\u6216\u81ea\u8cbb\u5ef6\u91ab\u8207\u4fdd\u5916\u91ab\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u76f8\u7576\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u5f92\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u672a\u7d93\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u5247\u50c5\u662f\u865b\u6587\u3002
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\n\u4e00\u3001\u7531\u516c\u7acb\u91ab\u9662\u63a5\u7ba1\u76e3\u6240\u91ab\u7642\uff1a
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u8a13\u7df4\u76e3\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u5177\u5099\u770b\u8b77\u54e1\u8cc7\u683c\uff1a
\n\u4e09\u3001\u50f1\u7528\u5927\u6279\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u5165\u76e3\uff1a
\n\u56db\u3001\u63a8\u52d5\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\uff1a
\n\u4e94\u3001\u6210\u7acb\u91ab\u7642\u76e3\u7344\uff1a
\n\u8086\u3001\u8001\u5e74\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u7167\u9867
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\n\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u65b0\u6536\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u5211\u671f\u66f4\u9577\u3001\u5e74\u7d00\u6108\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u8207\u56e0\u61c9\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u56e0\u9577\u671f\u62d8\u7981\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u75c7\u72c0\u8207\u8001\u5316\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u61c9\u662f\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u5fc5\u7136\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u5f9e\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4ea6\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7fa4\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u78ba\u9700\u8981\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u7279\u5225\u52a0\u4ee5\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002
\nCohen\u8207Taylor[1972)\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u670d\u5211\u6642\u9593\u6108\u9577\uff0c\u5c0d\u5916\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6108\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5916\u986f\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6f38\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5c0d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e5f\u6108\u5f37\u3002Mackenzie\u8207Goodstein[1985)\u62bd\u6a23\u7f8e\u570b\u6578\u5dde\u9577\u5211\u671f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5df2\u670d\u5211\u5e73\u57471.3\u5e74\u8005\u8207\u5df2\u670d\u521110.3\u5e74\u8005\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u5f8c\u8005\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u7126\u616e\u3001\u6182\u616e\u53ca\u88ab\u5bb3\u6050\u61fc\u611f\u7b49\u7686\u9ad8\u65bc\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u81ea\u5c0a\u4ea6\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u70ba\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u8521\u7530\u6728[1998)\u5206\u6790\u62d8\u7981\u6642\u9593\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u62d8\u7981\u6642\u9593\u6108\u9577\uff0c\u8207\u7ba1\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6108\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u72c0\u6cc1\u6108\u4e0d\u597d[\u8840\u58d3\u4e0a\u5347\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u52a0\u901f\u53ca\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u611f\u89ba)\uff0c\u7126\u616e\u611f\u5247\u5448\u73fe\u5148\u5347\u5f8c\u964d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u5468\u612b\u5afb\u3001\u9ad8\u5343\u96f2[2001)\u5206\u6790\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u751f\u7406\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u9069\u61c9\u72c0\u6cc1\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u76e3\u7981\u6642\u9593\u6108\u9577\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u7126\u616e\u8207\u6182\u616e\u75c7\u72c0\u6108\u660e\u986f\u3002\u4efb\u5168\u921e[2004)\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5728\u76e3\u9069\u61c9\u4e4b\u8b8a\u5316\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u670d\u5211\u6642\u9593\u6108\u9577\uff0c\u5247\u76e3\u7981\u58d3\u529b\u6108\u5927\u3001\u7126\u616e\u60c5\u5f62\u8207\u56f0\u64fe\u554f\u984c\u6108\u56b4\u91cd\u3002
\n\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9577\u5211\u671f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7531\u65bc\u9577\u671f\u9694\u96e2\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u6703\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u8207\u5bb6\u4eba\u89aa\u53cb\u95dc\u4fc2\u9010\u6f38\u812b\u96e2\u6216\u65b7\u7d55\uff1b\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u56e0\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ea4\u66ff\u800c\u8207\u5e74\u8f15\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u4e4b\u4eba\u969b\u9069\u61c9\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u5211\u671f\u7d42\u7d50\u4e4b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u611f\uff1b\u5c0d\u5916\u754c\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u89e3\u3001\u9000\u7e2e\u3001\u60c5\u602f\uff1b\u5c0d\u524d\u9014\u7121\u671b\u611f\uff1b\u96a8\u8457\u5e74\u9f61\u589e\u9577\u800c\u907d\u589e\u5404\u7a2e\u9069\u61c9\u554f\u984c[\u5468\u612b\u5afb\u3001\u9ad8\u5343\u96f2\uff0c2001)\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7531\u65bc\u91cd\u5211\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u66ff\u4ee3\u6b7b\u5211\u5211\u7f70\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c07\u662f\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u672a\u4f86\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u9ec3\u6c38\u9806[2007)\u6307\u51fa\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u8001\u5316\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u74b0\u5883\u5c01\u9589\u8207\u9694\u7d55\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8001\u4eba\u72af\u6709\u9069\u61c9\u5dee\u3001\u6cae\u55aa\u4e0d\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u667a\u529b\u8870\u9000\u3001\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u7121\u80fd\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u81ea\u8a8d\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u4eba\u7af6\u722d\u6216\u9762\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u99d5\u5fa1\u3001\u670d\u5f9e\u53ca\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c11\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u5e74\u72af\u611f\u5230\u524d\u9014\u7121\u671b\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0b\u627e\u81ea\u6bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u812b\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u9762\u5c0d\u8001\u5e74\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u8207\u9577\u5211\u671f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u8001\u5316\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u601d\u8003\u5efa\u69cb\u7b26\u5408\u8001\u5e74\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u884c\u5211\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u5176\u9069\u61c9\u62d8\u7981\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5f37\u8207\u793e\u798f\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u806f\u7d50\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u5176\u672a\u4f86\u51fa\u76e3\u5f8c\u8207\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u8ecc\u7684\u66f4\u751f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u5177\u9ad4\u7cbe\u9032\u63aa\u65bd\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u4e00\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u7ba1\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u8f14\u5c0e\u80fd\u529b
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u7d50\u5408\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u7167\u8b77\u74b0\u5883
\n\u4e09\u3001\u6536\u5bb9\u623f\u820d\u5c08\u9580\u5316
\n\u56db\u3001\u5f15\u9032\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5718\u9ad4\u652f\u6301
\n\u88681 \u76e3\u7344\u65b0\u6536\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5e74\u9f61\u5206\u6790
\n\u3000\t\u65b0\u6536\u53d7\u5211\u4eba
\n\t\u7e3d\u6578\t50\u6b72[\u672a\u6eff)\u4ee5\u4e0b\t50\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a
\n\t\u4eba\t\u4eba\t%\t\u4eba\t%
\n\u5e74\u5ea6\u5225\t93\u5e74\t33346\t30362\t91.051%\t2984\t8.949%
\n\t94\u5e74\t33193\t29907\t90.100%\t3286\t9.900%
\n\t95\u5e74\t37607\t33783\t89.832%\t3824\t10.168%
\n\t96\u5e74\t34991\t30973\t88.517%\t4018\t11.483%
\n\u8a3b\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90-\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u77ef\u6b63\u7d71\u8a08\u6307\u6a19-\u76e3\u7344\u65b0\u5165\u76e3\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5165\u76e3\u6642\u5e74\u9f61\u3002[http:\/\/www.moj.gov.tw\/site\/moj\/public\/MMO\/moj\/stat\/yearly\/t36.pdf)<\/p>\n
\u4f0d\u3001\u8d85\u984d\u6536\u5bb9\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406\u73fe\u6cc1
\n\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u64c1\u64e0\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u500b\u76e3\u7344\u72c0\u6cc1\u5982\u679c\u904e\u65bc\u60e1\u52a3\u5c07\u69cb\u6210\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u7f85\u5fb7\u6848[Rhodes v. Chappman, 1981)\u4e2d\u91dd\u5c0d\u76e3\u7344\u64c1\u64e0\u6240\u505a\u6210\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u500b\u76e3\u7344\u74b0\u5883\u8a2d\u65bd\u56e0\u64c1\u64e0\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5404\u9805\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76e3\u6240\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u5426\u69cb\u6210\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u689d\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u61f2\u7f70\u6642\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u8077\u54e1\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u820d\u623f\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0d\u5920\u3001\u885b\u751f\u8a2d\u5099\u5dee\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91ab\u7642\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u5a1b\u6a02\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u5dee\u53ca\u5728\u820d\u623f\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u904e\u9577\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ea6\u9644\u52a0\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u5b9a\u300c\u8212\u9069\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u300d\uff0c\u76e3\u7344\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u8207\u4fb7\u9650\u4e43\u662f\u5211\u7f70\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5371\u5bb3\u793e\u6703\u6240\u61c9\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u53c3\u8003\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u524d\u8ff0\u5224\u6c7a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u96d6\u7121\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u8212\u9069\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u300d\u4e4b\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u4f7f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8a2d\u65bd\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u61f2\u7f70\u300d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u4e4b\u8077\u54e1\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u820d\u623f\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0d\u5920\u3001\u885b\u751f\u8a2d\u5099\u5dee\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91ab\u7642\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u5a1b\u6a02\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u5dee\u53ca\u5728\u820d\u623f\u5c45\u4f4f\u6642\u9593\u904e\u9577\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u5211\u7f70\u57f7\u884c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6b98\u9177\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76e3\u7344\u61c9\u907f\u514d\u64c1\u64e0\u6216\u8d85\u984d\u6536\u5bb9\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u96e3\u8b02\u4fdd\u969c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002
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