\uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u7a3f\uff0c\u8acb\u52ff\u5f15\u7528\uff09
\n\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00
\n\u3000\u3000\u5169\u500b\u91cb\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u4f55\u5728\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u8207\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7665\u7d50\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u63ed\u767c\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u4eba\u6027\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u64da\u6b64\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u500b\u91cb\u5b57\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u9580\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u95dc\u9589\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6247\u901a\u5f80\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9580\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u8207\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u754c\u9650
\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u5f80\u5211\u4e8b\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8ad6\u662f\u6307\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u88ab\u6536\u5bb9\u65bc\u5211\u4e8b\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u5167\u5728\u65bc\u76e3\u6240\u6536\u5bb9\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u6b0a\u57f7\u884c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u76e3\u6240\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u71df\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u670d\u5f9e\u65bc\u900f\u904e\u76e3\u6240\u7576\u5c40\u6240\u5236\u8a02\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u652f\u914d\u3002\u7576\u7136\u8655\u65bc\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u4eab\u6709\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6fdf\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6216\u975e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5747\u5b9a\u596a\u65bc\u76e3\u6240\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6027\u88c1\u91cf\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u672c\u65bc\u660e\u6cbb\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u820a\u76e3\u7344\u6cd5\uff08\u65bc2005\u5e74\u82072006\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u4fee\u8a02\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u62d8\u7981\u8a2d\u65bd\u8207\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u8655\u9047\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u4eff\u6b64\u6cd5\u800c\u8a02\u5b9a\u7684\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0b\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u50c5\u898f\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u5247\u5168\u6578\u59d4\u8af8\u5925\u591a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u898f\u5247\u800c\u5df2\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u65bc\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8ad6\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8abf\u4e0b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ecd\u820a\u7dad\u6301\u4e86\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4e14\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u53c3\u8003\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5f8c\u65bc\u5408\u7406\u4e14\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u59cb\u5f97\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u6b0a\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u7684\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4ecd\u820a\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e72\u6d89[hands-off theory\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u7fa9)\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7121\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u6027\u5730\u898f\u7bc4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u62d8\u7981\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70ba\u6c42\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\u62d8\u7981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u4ef0\u8cf4\u76e3\u6240\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u91cd\u5927\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e8b\u9805\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9805\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u7684\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u9023\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6a02\u610f\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u52e2\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u59cb\u6709\u6240\u8f49\u6a5f\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e94\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u767c\u8868\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u6700\u4f4e\u8655\u9047\u57fa\u6e96\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0a\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u751a\u4e14\u7d30\u81a9\u5730\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u8655\u9047\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u57fa\u6e96\u3002\u800c\u516b\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u6e96\u5247\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u672c\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u52a0\u5f37\u7248\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8ad6\u4e0b\u76e3\u6240\u7576\u5c40\u6240\u64da\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\u6cd5\u7684\u652f\u914d\u7684\u6839\u64da\u90fd\u88ab\u570b\u969b\u516c\u7d04\u7834\u9664\uff0c\u5247\u53f8\u6cd5\u7576\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u52e2\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u65e5\u7b49\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u958b\u59cb\u4ecb\u5165\u5211\u4e8b\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u570b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u65bc\u83ef\u502b\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u4f2f\u683c\u6cd5\u5ead\u627f\u7e7c\u6539\u9769\u52d5\u5411\uff08\u5176\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u91cd\u91ab\u7642\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff09\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u8a34\u8a1f\u6a19\u7684\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u65e5\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u4ee5\u9762\u6703\u3001\u66f8\u4fe1\u6536\u53d7\u3001\u7d00\u5f8b\u7dad\u6301\u4e0a\u7684\u6feb\u6b0a\uff08\u975e\u6cd5\u66b4\u529b\uff09\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u8655\u9047\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u6587\u898f\u5b9a\u800c\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u9577\u671f\u8a34\u8a1f\uff08\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u8a34\u8a1f\u90fd\u6301\u7e8c\u4e86\u5341\u9918\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u614b\u5728\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u5c0d\u65bc\u884c\u5211\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4ee5\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u6c7a\u5e36\u52d5\u65b0\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4eca\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u4e5f\u7d42\u65bc\u8d95\u4e0a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u91dd\u5c0d\u5211\u4e8b\u6536\u5bb9\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u7fa9\u505a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u754f\u5c07\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6f6e\uff0c\u65b7\u7136\u5730\u8868\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u6536\u5bb9\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u529b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u53d7\u5230\u61b2\u6cd5\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u7e31\u6216爲\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u4ecd\u9808\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u4e4b\uff08\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u6642\u8a72\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u61b2\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff08\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\uff09\u3002\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u660e\u8a00\uff0c爲\u4e86\u7f88\u62bc\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9054\u6210\uff08\u8a34\u8a1f\u7dad\u6301\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u5167\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a72\u9650\u5236\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u3002\u5728\u6558\u660e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f爲\u4e86\u52a0\u5f37\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6307\u51fa\u88ab\u544a\u9664\u4e86\u6d89\u8a1f\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u570b\u6c11\u7121\u7570\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5211\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7576\u7136\u89e3\u91cb\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u554f\u984c\u5373\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u3002\u300c\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u300d\u662f\u5211\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff08\u7576\u7136\u4ea6\u6709\u898f\u5b9a\u65bc\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad4\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6709\u7f6a\u524d\uff0c\u61c9\u63a8\u5b9a\u70ba\u7121\u7f6a\u3002\u82e5\u8ad6\u53ca\u5176\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u5728\u62f7\u554f\u7b49\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u4e8b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u8a8d\u70ba\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u524d\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u800c\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u525d\u596a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u88ab\u544a\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5247\u5176\u5c04\u7a0b\u7bc4\u570d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5211\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u5075\u67e5\u8207\u5be9\u5224\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6d89\u65bc\u5176\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u589e\u5f37\u8ad6\u8ff0\u529b\u800c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9084\u7121\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u8ad6\u9ede\u800c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5211\u4e8b\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6b0a\u76ca\u5167\u5bb9\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5f0a\u5bb3\u5c31\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u9ede\u89c0\u5bdf\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5373\u53ef\u8f15\u6613\u767c\u89ba\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u5b8c\u5168\u627f\u7e7c\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u65bc\u95e1\u660e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u4ea6\u5f37\u8abf\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6558\u660e\u88ab\u544a\u9664\u4f9d\u6cd5\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u4eab\u6709\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u570b\u6c11\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u64da\u6b64\uff0c\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u56db\u4e94\u8a8d\u70ba\u770b\u5b88\u6240\u76e3\u8996\u88ab\u544a\u8207\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u63a5\u898b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f9b\u5075\u67e5\u6216\u5be9\u5224\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5448\u5831\u7d66\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u6216\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u903e\u8d8a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u6240\u5bb9\u8a31\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u59a8\u7919\u61b2\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\uff0c\u61c9\u5c6c\u9055\u61b2\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u50c5\u5c31\u88ab\u544a\u8207\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6b0a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5f15\u8d77\u7b46\u8005\u7591\u616e\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5728\u6b64\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u300d\u4e00\u8a9e\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u6240\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5171\u6709\u5169\u689d\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u70ba\u898f\u5b9a\u53ef\u5c31\u88ab\u544a\u8207\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u63a5\u898b\u5167\u5bb9\u4e88\u4ee5\u76e3\u807d\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u7f88\u62bc\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u898f\u5b9a\u6240\u65b9\u61c9\u76e3\u8996\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u6240\u8a00\u884c\u3001\u767c\u53d7\u66f8\u4fe1\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5075\u67e5\u6216\u5be9\u5224\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u6216\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7f88\u62bc\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff1b\u800c\u88ab\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u8a8d\u5b9a\u9055\u61b2\u7684\u50c5\u6709\u5169\u689d\u6587\u4ea4\u96c6\u4e4b\u8655\uff08\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5728\u6b64\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u300d\u4e00\u8a9e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff09\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5728\u6240\u8a00\u884c\u6216\u5f80\u4f86\u66f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u8207\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5247\u7e31\u6216\u662f\u8207\u6848\u60c5\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u6240\u65b9\u76e3\u8996\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5c0d\u5075\u67e5\u6216\u5be9\u5224\u6709\u5229\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u6216\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u7576\u6210\u8a8d\u5b9a\u88ab\u544a\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u89c0\u5bdf\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u4ee4\u4eba\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u61b2\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u7684\u71df\u696d\u6b0a\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u9996\u5148\u300c\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u300d\u9069\u7528\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u88ab\u8a34\u7684\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u8207\u63d0\u8d77\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u539f\u544a\u7121\u6d89\uff0c\u7576\u539f\u544a\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5177\u6709\uff08\u4ed6\u6848\u7684\uff09\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u904b\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u59a8\u7919\u5230\u5176\u63d0\u8a34\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u60c5\u6cc1\u53c8\u6703\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u8aaa\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u63d0\u5230\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5f37\u8abf\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5176\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8981\u5c0d\u975e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u7684\u9069\u7528\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u96d6\u7136\u60f3\u5c07\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6548\u529b\u64f4\u5f35\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6240\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u662f\u6709\u88ab\u544a\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u6703\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u539f\u5247\u5f8c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u5c07\u8b70\u984c\u9650\u7e2e\u5230\u88ab\u544a\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u544a\u7684\u63d0\u8a34\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u91cb\u5b57\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63a1\u53d6\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u7684\u8fc2\u56de\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u7576\u5730\u9650\u7e2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5c04\u7a0b\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u9650\u7e2e\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u95dc\u65bc\u6b64\u9ede\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8209\u4e00\u4f8b\u5373\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u5169\u8005\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u7576\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u56e0\u6848\u7f88\u62bc\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u5176\u8207\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u61b2\u6cd5\u6703\u7d66\u8207\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8207\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u7121\u6d89\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u800c\u7576\u4ed6\u812b\u96e2\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u8f49\u70ba\u539f\u544a\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u969b\u539f\u544a\u5373\u662f\u6240\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u9650\u5236\u5c07\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd\uff1b\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u8a34\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u544a\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u8eab\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c07\u6703\u52a0\u5f37\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u4e5f\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u88ab\u56b4\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u5176\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\u96d6\u7136\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u88ab\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u671f\u5f85\u6709\u4f55\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u5c31\u62d8\u7981\u4e8b\u9805\u63d0\u8d77\u8a34\u8a1f\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6bd4\u5728\u672c\u6848\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u66f4\u52a0\u53d7\u5230\u975e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u82e5\u5ffd\u7565\u6b64\u9ede\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u8868\u9762\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u9762\u5730\u5c07\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u8207\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5176\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5247\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u91cb\u5b57\u6240\u6c92\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u6df1\u5c64\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f
\n\u4e09\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd
\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u95dc\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8ad6\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u884c\u5211\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5171\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u62d8\u7981\u6a21\u5f0f[Restraint Model)\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f[Reform Model)\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Rehabilitation Model\u6216\u8b02\u91ab\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0fMadical Model\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u518d\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f[Reintegration Model)\u3002\u800c\u5340\u5206\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u5fc3\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u6700\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f37\u8abf\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e0d\u5916\u662f\u62d8\u7981\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u50c5\u5728\u9694\u96e2\u7121\u5bb3\u5316\u7684\u9054\u6210\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7576\u5c40\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u57f7\u884c\u61f2\u7f70\u800c\u65bd\u884c\u62d8\u7981\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u8fd1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u884c\u5211\u95dc\u4fc2\u6b0a\u5229\u7fa9\u52d9\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u521d\u671f\u7684\u61f2\u6cbb\u76e3\u5c31\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u7279\u8272\u5728\u65bc\u8f15\u5ffd\u500b\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u50c5\u8457\u91cd\u793e\u6703\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u77ef\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u5916\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u61f2\u7f70\u800c\u9054\u6210\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff08\u52de\u52d5\u7fd2\u6163\u7b49\uff09\u5f37\u5236\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u7d93\u8001\u820a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65bc\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u4f5c\u696d\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u7121\u751f\u7522\u6027\u7684\u76e3\u6240\u4f5c\u696d\u3001\u975e\u916c\u91d1\u5236\u7684\u734e\u8cde\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u65bc\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f8c\u98a8\u884c\u7684\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f03\u8457\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u9700\u6c42\u50c5\u662f\u4ee5\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9054\u6210\u3002\u5176\u77ef\u6cbb\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5728\u65bc\u5c07\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u75c5\u60a3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a3a\u65b7\uff08\u5be9\u524d\u8abf\u67e5\uff09\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\uff08\u77ef\u6cbb\u8655\u9047\uff09\u3001\u9810\u5f8c\uff08\u66f4\u751f\u4fdd\u8b77\uff09\u7684\u4eff\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u8655\u9047\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u77ef\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u98a8\u884c\u65bc\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e09\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u5230\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u5c07\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0d\u8c61\uff08\u4e0d\u9700\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u63a5\u53d7\u77ef\u6cbb\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u767c\u6216\u9a57\u8b49\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8aee\u5546\u6280\u8853\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u65bc\u4e03\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u56e0START\u8a08\u756b\u6240\u63a1\u884c\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u5b78\u7fd2\u7642\u7a0b\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u898f\u5b9a\u88ab\u5224\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7159\u6bd2\u72af\u8655\u9047\u3001\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u8655\u9047\u7b49\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9818\u57df\u767c\u63ee\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u518d\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8861\u5e73\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u9664\u500b\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u8abf\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u518d\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4fee\u6b63\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u7279\u8272\u5728\u65bc\u884c\u5211\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5316\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5167\u8655\u9047\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\u7684\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u6216\u9664\u5211\u5316\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u8655\u9047\u7684\u540c\u610f\u6b0a\u6216\u8acb\u6c42\u6b0a\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u77ef\u6cbb\u8655\u9047\uff09\u3001\u968e\u6bb5\u6027\u8655\u9047\u7684\u63a1\u7528\uff08\u7531\u62d8\u7981\u5230\u534a\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u534a\u62d8\u7981\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5167\u8655\u9047\uff09\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u518d\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82b1\u8cbb\u516c\u5e11\u751a\u5287\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u5be6\u65bd\u3002\u4ee5\u73fe\u6cc1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u6975\u5316\u5211\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5927\u7e9b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u5be6\u65bd\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u62d8\u7981\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u6b63\u7fa9\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u63a9\u98fe\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9019\u985e\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6b0a\u5229\u7fa9\u52d9\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u77ef\u6cbb\u8655\u9047\u7684\u53c3\u52a0\u8207\u6210\u6548\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u4ee5\u5047\u91cb\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u5408\u7406\u81ea\u6211\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bc\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u653e\u68c4\uff08\u7167\u9867\u570b\u6c11\u7684\uff09\u7fa9\u52d9\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5be6\u65bd\u518d\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u537b\u5728\u64f4\u5927\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u5609\u60e0\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u8209\u5be6\u65bd\u96fb\u5b50\u5100\u5668\u76e3\u8996\u6216\u6676\u7247\u690d\u5165\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u52d5\u975c\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u5c0d\u4ed8\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8655\u884c\u5211\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u4f5c\u98a8\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u300c\u52a3\u7b49\u8005\u7684\u7269\u5316\u300d\u3002\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u5974\u96b8\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u88ab\u58d3\u69a8\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u5668\u5b98\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a5f\uff08\u6b7b\u5211\u72af\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u6350\u8d08\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c4d\u9ad4\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u638c\u63a7\u6b0a\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u7406\u6027\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u6c7a\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u6559\u6750\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u8b1b\u6c42\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0b\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u6216\u975e\u570b\u6c11\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5be6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u77ef\u6cbb\u6216\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a5f\u80fd\u800c\u7acb\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u8da8\u5411\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8def\u9014\u96d6\u7136\u834a\u68d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u5247\u7d42\u7a76\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u6b63\u6587\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6703\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u75c5\u7076\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u52a3\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u3001\u4eba\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\u6548\u529b\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u4ee3\u76e3\u7344\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u8449\uff0c\u5176\u59cb\u7956\u662f\u88ab\u8b02\u70ba\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u7236\u7684John Howard\u8207\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4ebaJeremy Bentham\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000John Howard\u65bc1777\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7bc7\u9577\u9054489\u9801\u7684The State of the Prisons in England and Wales\u300c\u82f1\u502b\u8207\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u76e3\u7344\u60c5\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u7576\u6642\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u544a\u77e5\u5927\u773e\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u9769\u3002\u65bc\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u52de\u5f79\u5834\u4e2d\u5df2\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u6536\u5bb9\u591a\u9918\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u571f\u7262\u8207\u52de\u5f79\u5834\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5df2\u7d93\u9010\u6f38\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u5df2\u6c7a\u3001\u672a\u6c7a\u6df7\u96dc\u65bc\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u8001\u5c11\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u9023\u50b5\u52d9\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u95dc\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u53c3\u8003\u4e86\u8377\u862d\u7b49\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u65bc\u66f8\u4e2d\u5efa\u8b70\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u8aa8\u7684\u570b\u7acb\u61f2\u6cbb\u76e3[penitentiary house)\u3002\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u7368\u5c45\u8207\u6c88\u9ed8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u53cd\u7701\uff08\u65b0\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u6280\u8853\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u91cd\u73fe\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7368\u5c45\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u53cd\u7701\u5f8c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u5c07\u6703\u990a\u6210\u7bc0\u5236\u8207\u52e4\u52c9\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u3002\u6c0f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u56de\u61c9\u5bec\u5927\u8655\u9047\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u7d66\u4e88\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53cd\u6297\u7d00\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u53ea\u61c9\u7d66\u4e88\u6d3b\u5b58\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u6c34\u8207\u9eb5\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u7368\u5c45\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u7269\u8cea\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6539\u5584\u5fc5\u9808\u7dad\u6301\u4f4f\u300c\u52a3\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\u5fc5\u9808\u4f4e\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6700\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\u8005\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u96c6\u5718\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5316\u8207\u52a3\u7b49\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u96c6\u5718\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u898f\u5236\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\uff08\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u5c0d\u65bc\u55ae\u7d14\u9ad4\u529b\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9700\u6c42\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\uff0c\u908a\u6c81\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5247\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u5b97\u6559\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u8f03\u4e0d\u53d7\u50b3\u7d71\u5236\u7d04\uff09\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u65bc\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u592a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u70ba\u6c42\u64f4\u5c55\u570b\u529b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9700\u8981\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u7368\u7acb\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000Jeremy Bentham\u65bc1791\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u8ad6panopticon\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u7406\u60f3\u5efa\u7bc9\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\uff08\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\uff09\u5805\u5fb7\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u516b\u89d2\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\u908a\u6c81\u5373\u6539\u8b8a\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u5713\u5f62\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u5468\u570d\u5916\u5074\u8a2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7368\u623f\uff08\u5f62\u6210\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u5916\u7246\uff09\uff0c\u7368\u623f\u5916\u58c1\u958b\u4e86\u500b\u5c0f\u7a97\u6236\uff0c\u7368\u623f\u5167\u5074\u70ba\u62f1\u578b\u9435\u67f5\u6b04\u3002\u7368\u623f\u4ee5\u5713\u5f62\u8d70\u5eca\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u8207\u7368\u623f\u7684\u6a13\u5c64\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u65bc\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u4e2d\u5ead\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5854\uff0c\u9ad8\u5854\u7684\u5c4b\u9802\u70ba\u4e00\u7247\u73bb\u7483\uff08\u9ad8\u5854\u5167\u90e8\u7167\u660e\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5854\u5167\u4f4f\u6709\u5178\u7344\u9577\u8207\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u5854\u5167\u5927\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u8a2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7a97\u6236\u53ef\u76e3\u8996\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7368\u623f\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u7368\u623f\u90fd\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6709\u901a\u8a71\u8edf\u7ba1\u3002\u6700\u521d\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u7368\u623f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e8b\u5f8c\u56e0\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u8cbb\u7528\u904e\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u908a\u6c81\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u82b1\u8cbb\u904e\u591a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u52a3\u7b49\u539f\u5247\uff09\u300d\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u516d\u5230\u516b\u4eba\u7684\u5c45\u623f\u3002\u76e3\u65b9\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c34\u53ca\u9eb5\u5305\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7684\u98df\u7269\u7b49\u5747\u7531\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u81ea\u8cbb\u81ea\u5099\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u76e3\u6240\u4f5c\u696d\u7531\u51fa\u50f9\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u696d\u8005\u5f97\u6a19\uff0c\u5176\u50c5\u9700\u5c0d\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u5f97\u6a19\u8005\u70ba\u6c42\u6700\u9ad8\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u4fdd\u5168\u5176\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5f97\u76e3\u8996\u5178\u7344\u9577\u662f\u5426\u51cc\u8650\u4eba\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5584\u5f85\u52de\u5de5\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8a2a\u76e3\u7344\uff08prison visitor\uff09\uff0c\u8207\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u901a\u8a71\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u76e3\u7763\u696d\u8005\u662f\u5426\u76e1\u5230\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u61c9\u8ca0\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff08\u4f5c\u696d\u8207\u5668\u68b0\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5c64\u5c64\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8207\u5b89\u5168\u7372\u5f97\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u7576\u6210\u5c07\u4f86\u91cb\u653e\u5f8c\u7684\u66f4\u751f\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u7dad\u8b77\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4f01\u6c42\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u4e88\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u76e3\u7763\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u5de5\u5ee0\u3001\u5175\u71df\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u9664\u4e86\u767c\u63ee\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u80fd\u5920\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u6280\u8853\uff08\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8207\u4eba\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\uff09\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u65bc\u4e0d\u72a7\u7272\u4fdd\u5b89\u6212\u8b77\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7bc0\u7d04\u770b\u5b88\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u7bc0\u7d04\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4ee4\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u76e1\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u990a\u6210\u7bc0\u7d04\u52e4\u52c9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5176\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u767c\u660e\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u5176\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u771f\u8ae6\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u904b\u7528\u6b78\u8af8\u65bc\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u64ec\u5236\u300d\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u5275\u9020\uff09\u3001\u751f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7531\u96c6\u5718\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u96c6\u5718\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u76e3\u7344\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u771f\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u9084\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u70ba\u65b0\u8208\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u6642\u4ee3\u50b3\u7d71\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5f97\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5de5\u5ee0\u3002
\n\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u61c9\u8a72\u8207John Howard\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u800cJohn Howard\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u76e3\u6240\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u537b\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u78ba\u4fdd\uff08\u52a3\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\uff09\u3002\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u9762\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u6642\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u62b9\u6bba\u3002
\n\u3000\u30001779\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u5efa\u8b70\u570b\u6703\u901a\u904e\u570b\u7acb\u61f2\u6cbb\u76e3\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u5c0d\u65bc\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u6709\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u8569\u5ef6\u4e0d\u6c7a\u30021799\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u8b70\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5efa\u8a2d\u8cbb\u7528\u9817\u9245\uff0c\u800c\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6027\u4ea6\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c7a\u8b70\u4e0d\u518d\u5efa\u8a2d\u61f2\u6cbb\u76e3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f1770\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u6fb3\u6d32\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u4e14\u65bc\u65e5\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u6d41\u5211\u7684\u91cd\u93ae\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u5211\u4e5f\u57281789\u5e74\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u9069\u7528\u52301875\u5e74\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u57281850\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5efa\u8a2d\u61f2\u6cbb\u76e3\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u904e1812\u5e74\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u66fe\u8a66\u9a57\u6027\u5730\u7d9c\u5408\u908a\u6c81\u8207\u970d\u83ef\u5fb7\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e00\u5ea7\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u4e5d\u5e74\u5f8c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u6709\u540d\u7684Millbank\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u6536\u5bb9\u4e00\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u540d\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u9593\u770b\u5b88\u5ba4\u5373\u53ef\u76e3\u8996\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76e3\u623f\uff0c\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f8c\u82b1\u8cbb\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\u6b64\u76e3\u6bc0\u65bc1891\u5e74\u3002\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f\u6709\u5169\u4e09\u500b\u76e3\u7344\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4f0a\u5229\u8afe\u5dde\u7684Stateville\u76e3\u7344\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8377\u862d\u3001\u745e\u5178\u7b49\u8655\u4e5f\u5efa\u8a2d\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u91cd\u9ede\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u6240\u5275\u8a2d\u7684\u300c\u525d\u596a\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u5229\u6539\u5584\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u300c\u7269\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u5f97\u4efb\u610f\u525d\u524a\u5176\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u8996\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u300c\u5217\u7b49\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u5584\u50c5\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u507d\u7684\u6148\u60b2\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u800c\u6700\u80fd\u5920\u8868\u9054\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u5916\u662f\u7f8e\u570b1871\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7a[Ruffin v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. 790, 796) \u3002\u8a72\u5224\u6c7a\u8b02\uff1a\u300c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u88ab\u525d\u596a\uff0c\u9664\u6cd5\u57fa\u65bc\u6148\u60b2\u800c\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u5916\uff0c\u55aa\u5931\u6240\u6709\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u7684\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u66ab\u4e14\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5974\u96b8\u300d\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7d14\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u6574\u9ad4\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u9019\u7d42\u7a76\u662f\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u4ecd\u820a\u5728\u65bc\u52a3\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u5c48\u8fb1\u8207\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6548\u529b\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5f9e\u7f88\u62bc\u6cd5\u8207\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u4e92\u901a\u6709\u7121\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5df2\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u4e00\u65e6\u570b\u6c11\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u65bc\u5211\u4e8b\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5176\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u8655\u9047\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u8209\u51e1\u8863\u8457\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u4f5c\u696d\u3001\u5167\u90e8\u61f2\u8655\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8207\u7a2e\u985e\u7b49\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u5916\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u5247\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u8aaa\u4e86\u5169\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u7684\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3001\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ee5\u5916\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u6216\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7559\u610f\u5230\u9019\u985e\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u653f\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u90fd\u88ab\u62ff\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u5f8c\uff0c\u5211\u4e8b\u8a2d\u65bd\u5167\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u88ab\u63a9\u85cf\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5211\u4e8b\u8a2d\u65bd\u5167\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u53bb\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u9019\u7d55\u975e\u6211\u5011\u51b7\u6f20\u6216\u7d55\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u5728\u5167\uff09\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7576\u793e\u6703\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u898f\u7bc4\u6703\u900f\u904e\u9810\u544a\u800c\u767c\u63ee\u4e8b\u524d\u9810\u9632\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u9060\u96e2\u72af\u932f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u4eba\u9055\u53cd\u898f\u7bc4\uff08\u6c92\u4eba\u9055\u53cd\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u7bc4\uff08\u88c1\u5224\u898f\u7bc4\uff09\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u9055\u53cd\u898f\u7bc4\u8005\u65bd\u4ee5\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u75db\u82e6\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u90fd\u77e5\u6089\uff0c\u4e14\u518d\u5ea6\u78ba\u8a8d\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u5f8c\uff0c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8655\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u884c\u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\u6291\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5176\u50b3\u905e\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u884c\u70ba\u4eba\u5247\u50c5\u662f\u9644\u5e36\u901a\u77e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5247\u898f\u7bc4\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5373\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u793e\u6703\u6709\u6240\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u884c\u70ba\u4eba\u53d7\u9ede\u82e6\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u9802\u591a\u662f\u7d66\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u8907\u6b78\u7b49\u53e3\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u624d\u6703\u6eff\u8db3\uff1f\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u53c8\u5728\u4f55\u6642\uff1f
\n\u3000\u3000\u6216\u8a31\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u91cf\u6703\u96a8\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u800c\u8da8\u65bc\u7de9\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5ee3\u57df\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5df2\u4e0d\u5fa9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u758f\u96e2\u611f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u6108\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u3001\u6108\u524d\u7f6e\u5316\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a5f\u5236\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u500b\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u624d\u6703\u770b\u5230\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u770b\u5230\u7f88\u62bc\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u770b\u5230\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u8b93\u7f88\u62bc\u8b8a\u6210\u9b27\u5287\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u59a8\u7919\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u76e3\u6240\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5176\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u4ee5\u5b89\u64ab\u300c\u56da\u60c5\u300d\u7684\u60e1\u52a3\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u80a9\u8ca0\u8d77\u9632\u6b62\u9003\u4ea1\u7dad\u8b77\u76e3\u6240\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8cac\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u767c\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u524d\u529f\u76e1\u68c4\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5047\u82e5\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u518d\u4e0d\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u5247\u96e3\u4fdd\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u76e3\u6240\u4eba\u54e1\u96c6\u9ad4\u300c\u9003\u4ea1\uff08\u96e2\u8077\uff09\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u76e3\u6240\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6703\u5f37\u8abf\u6212\u8b77\u81f3\u4e0a\u3001\u4fdd\u5b89\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u539f\u5247\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5f9e\u88ab\u544a\u8207\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u6158\u72c0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u596e\u8d77\u9053\u5fb7\u52c7\u6c23\uff0c\u65bc\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u4e09\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\u70ba\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u4e86\u8d85\u904e\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7d42\u65bc\u8d70\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u516d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a93\uff08\u53f8\u6cd5\uff09\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d42\u7109\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u904e\u5ea6\u5730\u5f37\u8abf\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6697\u5730\u88e1\u5207\u5272\u3001\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5207\u5272\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u91cb\u5b57\u516d\u4e94\u56db\u4e2d\u518d\u5ea6\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b21\u662f\u5207\u5272\u4e86\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\u8207\u88ab\u544a\u3002\u5207\u5272\u8207\u518d\u5207\u5272\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5916\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u8207\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u5206\u5272\u7dda\u7684\u5f70\u986f\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u8207\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5217\u8868\u53c8\u518d\u5ea6\u5730\u6df1\u5316\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6b0a\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u539f\u5247\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u5141\u8a31\uff08\u570b\u5bb6\u6069\u60e0\uff09\u3002\u9019\u9ede\u7e31\u6216\u5728\u5ba3\u793a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u8207\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5207\u5272\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u662f\u6839\u57fa\u65bc\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8868\u9762\u7684\u3001\u6d6e\u83ef\u7684\u3001\u865b\u507d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u904e\u5ea6\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6216\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u5149\u63a2\u5c04\u5230\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u6df5\u85ea\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6392\u9664\u8207\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u5614\u5410\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u6df1\u6df5\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u4eba\u6b0a\u82bb\u8b70
\n\u3000\u3000\u65e2\u7136\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u5316\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5207\u5272\u8207\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u53bb\u9664\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u800c\u53bb\u9664\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u8a34\u8af8\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u6190\u61ab\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u3002\u65bc\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u7a2e\u5207\u5272\u8207\u6392\u9664\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5176\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5411\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u8aaa\u660e\u5176\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u5224\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4f4e\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u8aaa\u5e16\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u52d5\u8569\u6216\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6642\u671f\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53cd\u6050\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e0b\u7684\u5f37\u786c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6216\u884c\u653f\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6307\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7406\u89e3\u5207\u5272\u8207\u6392\u9664\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u88dc\u6551\u6a5f\u5236\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u5bdf\u89ba\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u500b\u88dc\u6551\u6a5f\u5236\u5931\u53bb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5247\u6b63\u5e38\u8207\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5c07\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u6d6e\u52d5\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u3002
\n\u5207\u5272\u8207\u6392\u9664\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u57fa\u5e95
\n\u3000\u3000\u8a71\u8a9e\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00\u6027\u52d5\u3002\u300c\u300e\u6211\u300f\u5728\u5beb\u8ad6\u6587\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300e\u6211\u300f\u8207\u8aaa\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\u300c\u6211\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u6307\u6d89\u300c\u6211\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u50c5\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u300e\u6211\u300f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u70ba\u8b49\u660e\u300c\u6211\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u5fc3\u91ab\u5b78\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u50c5\u662f\u5047\u8c61\u800c\u5df2\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7576\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u65e6\u767c\u8a71\uff0c\u5247\u9019\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u5c07\u6703\u5207\u5272\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6211\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u70ba\u767c\u8a71\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u6211\u3002\u767c\u8a71\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a72\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u6307\u6d89\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u800c\u7576\u4ed6\u8005\u900f\u904e\u767c\u8a71\u800c\u6307\u6d89\u51fa\u539f\u5148\u767c\u8a71\u8005\u7684\u5be6\u5b58\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u505a\u767c\u8a71\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u5f70\u986f\u5728\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u767c\u8a71\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u6307\u6d89\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u7576\u9019\u500b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u5148\u767c\u8a71\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u5373\u6703\u88ab\u4fc3\u6210\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u8a34\u8a1f\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u65bc\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u62d8\u7981\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u8207\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u8207\u770b\u5b88\u4eba\u54e1\u9593\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u9019\u7a2e\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6e9d\u901a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u767c\u8a71\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5c07\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u7dad\u6301\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u5f80\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u7b49\uff0c\u7121\u7570\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u5207\u5272\u4e88\u4ee5\u534a\u6c38\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u898f\u77e9\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u672a\u5f97\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u767c\u8a71\u8005\u6216\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u767c\u8a71\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u611f\u5230\u5c48\u8fb1\u3001\u6cae\u55aa\u3001\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u7e7c\u800c\u7269\u5316\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7576\u7136\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6f2b\u7121\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u56de\u8a71\u4e00\u4e8b\u9664\u53e6\u5c0d\u65b9\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u9700\u4ee4\u5176\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u6b0a\u529b\u8005\u6709\u80fd\u5f4c\u7e2b\u5207\u5272\u7dda\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5f4c\u7e2b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5207\u5272\u7684\u7dda\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u5c0d\u65b9\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u56de\u61c9\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f4c\u7e2b\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u65bc\u767c\u8a71\u6642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5207\u5272\u7dda\u3002\u5f4c\u7e2b\u5207\u5272\u7dda\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e00\u8d77\u5f4c\u7e2b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4ed6\u4eba\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u539f\u5247\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u7981\u6b62\u300d\u539f\u5247\u7684\u771f\u8ae6\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f8b\u5916\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8af8\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u500b\u5c07\u5207\u5272\u8996\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u5f4c\u7e2b\u7684\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c0e\u5411\u539f\u5247\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u65bc\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u8a73\u7d30\u6558\u8ff0\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5404\u570b\u653f\u7d93\u793e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u9069\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u8207\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u6642\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65bc\u6b64\u50c5\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u91dd\u5c0d\u6211\u570b\u7684\u73fe\u6cc1\u5206\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u4fdd\u5b89\u7d00\u5f8b\u3001\u77ef\u6b63\u8655\u9047\u7b49\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u91dd\u5c0d\u672c\u6848\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u544a\u6b0a\u76ca\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b
\n\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5211\u4e8b\u53d7\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u570b\u76ee\u524d\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u53f8\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u76e3\u6240\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u98fe\u8207\u5916\u8868\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9aee\u578b\u3001\u56da\u670d\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u984f\u8272\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u9055\u53cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u5176\u56b4\u91cd\u640d\u50b7\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4f19\u98df\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6bcf\u6708\u4e00\u5343\u4e94\u4e3b\u526f\u98df\u8cbb\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u504f\u96e2\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4f4f\u5c45\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7368\u623f\u8207\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u5269\u62d8\u7981\u7684\u60c5\u52e2\u4e0b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u9069\u7528\uff09\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u8207\u525d\u596a\uff08\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u63d0\u64a5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u88ab\u5bb3\u88dc\u511f\uff09\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6e9d\u901a\uff08\u66f8\u4fe1\u3001\u9762\u6703\u3001\u6aa2\u95b1\u7684\u904e\u5269\u62d8\u675f\uff09\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4fdd\u5b89\u7d00\u5f8b
\n\u3000\u3000\u4fdd\u5b89\u7d00\u5f8b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u61f2\u6212\u4e8b\u7531\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u6cd5\u7684\u652f\u914d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u65bc\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\uff08\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6700\u4f4e\u57fa\u6e96\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5ba3\u7a31\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u662f\u500b\u4e0d\u59a5\u9069\u7684\u8655\u9047\uff09\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u7aba\u8996\u3001\u884c\u9032\u968a\u5f62\u3001\u55a7\u5629\u7981\u6b62\u3001\u5ba4\u5167\u64fa\u8a2d\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u77ef\u6b63\u6559\u80b2
\n\u3000\u3000\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u8a08\u756b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u78ba\u4fdd\u8207\u66f4\u751f\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u50c5\u662f\u5217\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7ffb\u7248\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u6eff\u4e0d\u670d\u7533\u8a34\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6aa2\u8996\u76e3\u7763\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u5b98\u7b49\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff09\u3001\u968e\u6bb5\u6027\u8655\u9047\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u843d\u5f8c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u3002
\n\uff08\u56db\uff09\u53d7\u7f88\u62bc\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8655\u9047
\n\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u53d7\u7f88\u62bc\u7684\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u9664\u4eba\u8eab\u78ba\u4fdd\uff08\u9003\u4ea1\u4e4b\u865e\uff09\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u9700\u6c42\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u5747\u662f\u904e\u5269\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u9664\u9632\u6b62\u9003\u4ea1\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7981\u898b\u3001\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u670d\u98fe\u8207\u5916\u8868\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff08\u624b\u92ac\u8173\u9410\u3001\u9aee\u578b\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u53f8\u6cd5\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u53f8\u6cd5\u6b32\u5be6\u73fe\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5247\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u53d7\u7406\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u8a34\uff0c\u5247\u53f8\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d\u5373\u9700\u8981\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u81ea\u89ba\uff0c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6211\u570b\u56e0\u70ba\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u5236\uff08\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c07\u5211\u4e8b\u53d7\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u7576\u6210\u7269\u9ad4\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5f85\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6703\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u50f9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9020\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u7684\u6f20\u8996\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u8a72\u5c31\u662f\u58de\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u58de\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u60e1\u5bb3\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u5211\u4e8b\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u570b\u6c11\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u9055\u80cc\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u5236\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u64d4\u8d77\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8cac\u4efb\u3002
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