{"id":20207,"date":"2009-09-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-09-02T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.cahr.org.tw\/?p=20207"},"modified":"2009-09-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2009-09-02T00:00:00","slug":"2009-09-02-20207","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cahr.org.tw\/?p=20207","title":{"rendered":"\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u8207\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b by \u694a\u4ec1\u714c\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6797\u975c\u7389\u6559\u6388"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u3001\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u3001\u6b72\u6642\u796d\u5100\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53e2\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u58f9\u3001\u524d\u8a00
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\n\u8086\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b
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\n\u9678\u3001\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1b\u6aa2\u8a0e\u8207\u5efa\u8b70<\/p>\n

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\n\u7576\u8ad6\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u8207\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u5316\u6558\u8ff0\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e4b\u6210\u54e1\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u6301\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u8a55\u50f9\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u5316\u5247\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9a\u5411\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u8868\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u8a72\u570b\u6c11\u773e\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\uff08\u9673\u7fa9\u5f65\u3001\u9673\u9678\u8f1d\u7b49\uff0c2008\uff1a349\uff09
\n\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u8a72\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6210\u54e1\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7d50\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u300d[Pye, 1968\uff1a218\uff09
\nVerba[1965\uff1a513)\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5247\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u7d93\u9a57\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0[empirical beliefs)\u3001\u8868\u9054\u7684\u7b26\u865f[expressive symbols)\u4ee5\u53ca\u50f9\u503c\u89c0[values)\u4e09\u8005\u6240\u4ea4\u7e54\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002
\n\u5433\u5b9a\uff082008\uff1a20\uff09\u8a6e\u91cb\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff08Public Policy\uff09\u4fc2\u4e00\u9805\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4e00\u9805\u53ef\u6b32\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u9805\u7d93\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u4e00\u9805\u610f\u5716\u7684\u8072\u660e\u53ca\u57f7\u884c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u9078\u64c7\u4f5c\u70ba\u6216\u4e0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u9805\u3002
\n\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u6307\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u9580\u300d[public sector)\uff0c\u300c\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u9580\u300d[private sector)\u4ea6\u6703\u64ec\u8a02\u6c7a\u7b56\u8207\u63a1\u53d6\u82e5\u5e72\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u7d44\u7e54\u4e8b\u52d9\u6216\u8005\u6eff\u8db3\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\n\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u660e\u986f\u3002\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8207\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5be6\u8e10\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u6709\u6548\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u4e8b\u5148\u8207\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u5f8c\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff08Shih, 2006\uff09\u3002
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\n\u4e00\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u5728\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d
\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6027\u8cea
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\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u9032\u884c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u9075\u5faa\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96
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\n2.\u8077\u696d\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e3b\u89c0\u8a31\u53ef\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u7684\u9650\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fc2\u4ee5\u300c\u8cc7\u683c\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u61c9\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u570b\u7c4d\u6216\u8003\u8a66\u53ca\u683c\u59cb\u5f97\u5f9e\u4e8b\u67d0\u7a2e\u8077\u696d\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u9650\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u61c9\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u3002
\n3.\u8077\u696d\u7d93\u71df\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7576\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u78ba\u5b9a\u8077\u696d\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c0\u8a31\u53ef\u8981\u4ef6\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d93\u71df\u8a72\u8077\u696d\u4e4b\u4eba\u6c11\u61c9\u4f9d\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u95dc\u7d93\u71df\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u898f\u5b9a\u5373\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b64\u8655\u6709\u95dc\u8077\u696d\u7d93\u71df\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9650\u5236 \u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb
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\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u90e8\u843d\u9999\u683c\u91cc\u62c9\u5316\uff1a
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\n\u6bcf\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u4ee5\u5176\u90e8\u843d\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u9031\u906d\u5730\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8f2a\u8015\u3001\u71d2\u58be\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b97\u6559\uff08\u795e\u8056\uff09\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8056\u5730\u3001\u7956\u9748\u5730\u7b49\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u7a2e\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c0d\u5176\u9818\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u8fe5\u7570\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5c64\u6b21\u4e95\u7136\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u3002\u5728\u8207\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u63a5\u89f8\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u58be\u6b96\u79fb\u6c11\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u958b\u767c\u64c1\u70ba\u5df1\u6709\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5f37\u5ea6\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6b0a\u5229\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u5543\u8755\u3002\u7576\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u5206\u5272\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u90e8\u843d\u6240\u5728\u5730\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u3002
\n\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0a\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6f14\u7e79\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u4eca\u6614\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u571f\u5730\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u6f14\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8cbc\u8fd1\u65bc\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u5982\u679c\u812b\u96e2\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u76ca\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5c0d\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u963b\u64cb\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u865b\u69cb\u5229\u76ca\u638c\u63e1\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\u5be6\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u900f\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u8655\u5883\uff1a
\n\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5747\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5e95\u9650\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u65cf\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u672a\u7d93\u5fb5\u8a62\u800c\u5c07\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u5283\u6b78\u570b\uff08\u516c\uff09\u6709\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u5be6\u65bd\u6cef\u6ec5\u65cf\u7fa4\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u8207\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u56b4\u91cd\u4fb5\u72af\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u8861\u8af8\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u56e0\u6f22\u4eba\u55a7\u8cd3\u596a\u4e3b\u7684\u300c\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u8655\u5883\u300d\u3002
\n\u4f46\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u8655\u5883\u4e0b\u570b\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u7121\u610f\u9593\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6b64\u4e00\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u570b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7e3d\u7d71\u9678\u7e8c\u300c\u5ba3\u4f48\u300d\u4e4b\u90b5\u65cf\u3001\u5676\u746a\u862d\u65cf\u3001\u592a\u9b6f\u95a3\u65cf\u3001\u6492\u5947\u840a\u96c5\u65cf\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u3001\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5341\u4e09\u65cf\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u90b5\u65cf\u7b49\u65cf\u6b77\u7d93\u6578\u5e74\u7684\u722d\u53d6\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u80cc\u66f8\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u591a\u6b21\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u516c\u6587\u5f80\u8fd4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u300c\u6838\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u628a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7576\u4f5c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5178\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e26\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u7d93\u7531\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u65bd\u6069\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6838\u5b9a\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u5747\u70ba\u601d\u8003\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u6aa2\u9a57\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u975e\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u91d0\u6e05\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u53ca\u5b9a\u4f4d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u73fe\u5728\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u6cd5\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002
\n\uff08\u56db\uff09\u900f\u6790\u5e7e\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\uff1a
\n\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7d1b\u7d1b\u812b\u96e2\u5176\u5b97\u4e3b\u570b\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u64fa\u812b\u5b97\u4e3b\u570b\u904e\u53bb\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5c64\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u76f8\u9023\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\uff08\u59d1\u4e14\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u65bc\u5916\u4f86\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u773c\u770b\u300c\u5fa9\u570b\u300d\u7121\u671b\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u9577\u4e45\u505c\u7559\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5207\u65b7\u81fa\u7063\u8207\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u5c0b\u6c42\u3001\u5efa\u69cb\u806f\u7e6b\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u81fa\u7063\u300d\u4e43\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u5cf6\u5dbc\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u9577\u4e45\u6df5\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ca\u8207\u65cf\u5916\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5177\u300c\u81fa\u7063\u5473\u300d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5bf6\u85cf\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u9042\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u7b26\u865f\u300d\u3002\u4e26\u6fc0\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u843d\u8a2d\u7fa4\u7522\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8b8a\u9077\uff1a
\n1.\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u66dd\u5149\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u5176\u6f22\u4eba\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u4e3b\u6d41\u5730\u4f4d\u3002
\n2.\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u52d9\u5fc5\u9808\u7d0d\u5165\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8003\u91cf\u300d\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u904e\u53bb\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u7d0d\u5165\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u74b0\u4fdd\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\n3.\u65b0\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u51f8\u986f\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\u88ab\u6587\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u6240\u63a9\u84cb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5f9e\u6587\u5316\u9762\u5411\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u300c\u80fd\u6b4c\u5584\u821e\u9152\u91cf\u66f4\u597d\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u53c8\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6975\u70ba\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5982\u9157\u9152\u3001\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u611a\u7b28\u3001\u7c97\u4fd7\u7b49\u7b49\u76f8\u8f03\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8f03\u70ba\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u6613\u88ab\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e4b\u5c08\u9577\u8207\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u8ca0\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u53e6\u4e00\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u7576\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5148\u6c11\u6e21\u6d77\u4f86\u53f0\u300d\u7684\u8271\u8f9b\u53ca\u7bf3\u8def\u85cd\u7e37\u958b\u58be\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53ea\u6709\u8c50\u5e74\u796d\u5178\u4e4b\u6b4c\u821e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u504f\u898b\u8207\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u958b\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u5927\u773e\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0d\u53ea\u8981\u7d66\u5979\u5011\u5403\u559d\u73a9\u6a02\u5c31OK\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5979\u5011\u78b0\u89f8\u512a\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u53ca\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u7559\u610f\u6211\u9580\u4e0d\u5c31\u50cf\u85dd\u5993\u4e5e\u4e10\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4e4b\u5316\u5916\u6c11\u65cf\u55ce\uff1f\u8272\u6212\u4e5f\uff01
\n4.\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u70ba\u7d71\u3001\u7368\u4e4b\u722d\u7684\u7c4c\u78bc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u73cd\u60dc\u6211\u9580\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5c31\u662f\u8f49\u6a5f\uff0d\u6212\u8a18\uff01\u73cd\u60dc\u9019\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u751f\u547d\u795e\u8056\u6cd5\u5247\u4e4b\u5fa9\u91cd\u69cb\u5275\u5851\u7b49\u4f7f\u547d\u3002
\n5.\u6fc0\u8d77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53e6\u4e00\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u4e4b\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u518d\u8208\u3002
\n\u672c\u571f\u5316\u53c3\u96dc\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u5716\u653b\u7565\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u88ab\u53bb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6cdb\u81fa\u7063\u610f\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e2\u9192\u76ee\u537b\u53c8\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u62c9\u626f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u89ba\u9192\u81ea\u89ba\u610f\u8b58\u67d4\u8178\u5bf8\u65b7\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u98c4\u6416\u64fa\u76ea\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u4fc2\u4f34\u96a8\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u52e2\u5c07\u8207\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u5171\u5b58\u5171\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u62c9\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7dad\u7e6b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5275\u751f\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002
\n\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8db3\u8b49\u82e5\u7121\u5916\u4f86\u653f\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u6182\u7121\u616e\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u719f\u6089\u4e4b\u7d44\u7e54\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u8457\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\uff0c\u66fe\u5e7e\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u5916\u4f86\u79fb\u58be\u8005\u8207\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e4b\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u7a7a\u9593\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u614b\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u7a7a\u524d\u5927\u6d69\u52ab\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u65cf\u5931\u53bb\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u7956\u5148\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7531\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8b8a\u70ba\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5931\u8abf\u504f\u898b\u6b67\u8996\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u4f86\u81f4\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u70ba\u9a0e\u96f6\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u7248\u5370\u8c61\u5f71\u97ff\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e26\u9593\u63a5\u885d\u64ca\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u696d\u4e4b\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

参\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9ad8\u5931\u696d\u7387\u4e4b\u63a2\u6790
\n\u81ea94~96\u5e74\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff08\u539f\u6c11\u6703\uff0c2008\uff1a42-44\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5931\u696d\u7387\u96d6\u5448\u73fe\u76f8\u5c0d\u5e73\u7a69\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f46\u64da\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u4e4b\u5931\u696d\u7387\uff0c\u52d5\u8f12\u5931\u696d\u7387\u4ecd\u500d\u6578\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u7121\u591a\u5927\u6539\u5584\u3002\u8d05\u8ff0\u5176\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1b
\n\u4e00\u3001\t\u5f71\u97ff\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5931\u696d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20
\n\u5f71\u97ff\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u5931\u696d\u554f\u984c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u7d9c\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u696d\u72c0\u6cc1\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5c31\u5931\u696d\u554f\u984c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u542b\u5de5\u4f5c\u985e\u578b\u7279\u6027\u3001\u81e8\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u504f\u9ad8\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u6c11\u8207\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u5340\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002
\n[\u4e00)\t\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u985e\u578b\u7279\u6027
\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u884c\u696d\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u8077\u696d\u5167\u5bb9\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u5931\u696d\u554f\u984c\u3002
\n\u5ee3\u7fa9\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u96e2\u958b\u4e0a\u6b21\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u696d\u52d9\u7dca\u7e2e\u6216\u6b47\u696d\u300d\uff0829.5\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u300c\u5c0d\u539f\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u300d\uff0829.0\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u300c\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u6216\u81e8\u6642\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d50\u675f\u300d\u3002\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u56e0\u696d\u52d9\u7dca\u7e2e\u6216\u6b47\u696d\u3001\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u6216\u81e8\u6642\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d50\u675f\u800c\u5931\u696d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u61c9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u884c\u696d\u59cb\u7d42\u4ee5\u300c\u71df\u9020\u696d\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u8fb2\u6797\u6f01\u7267\u696d\u300d\u5360\u591a\u6578\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u71df\u9020\u696d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5927\u74b0\u5883\u666f\u6c23\u5f71\u97ff\u7522\u751f\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u5931\u696d\uff0c\u8fb2\u6797\u6f01\u7267\u696d\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5373\u6709\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u8fb2\u9592\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8f03\u56e0\u70ba\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u6216\u81e8\u6642\u6027\u5f71\u97ff\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u8005\u7684\u8077\u696d\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5c31\u5931\u696d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u8a2d\u5099\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u53ca\u7d44\u88dd\u5de5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u975e\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u53ca\u9ad4\u529b\u5de5\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u8fb2\u6797\u6f01\u7267\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u300d\u6240\u4f54\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5747\u660e\u986f\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u8077\u696d\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u8077\u5834\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002
\n[\u4e8c)\t\u81e8\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u504f\u9ad8
\n96\u5e74\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6709\u5831\u916c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u670929.1\uff05\u8868\u662f\u5f9e\u662f\u96f6\u661f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u53ca\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\u6216\u517c\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e3b\u8a08\u865596\u5e7412\u6708\u85aa\u8cc7\u8207\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7d71\u8a08\u6708\u5831\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u5f9e\u4e8b\u81e8\u6642\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u70ba3.1\uff05\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5f9e\u4e8b\u96f6\u661f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u7d04\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u76849.4\u500d\u3002
\n\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u898f\u5f8b\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\u6216\u517c\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5167\u5bb9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7d93\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u9762\u81e8\u5931\u696d\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u6574\u9ad4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5931\u696d\u7387\u504f\u9ad8\u3002
\n[\u4e09)\t\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8207\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u5340\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee
\n96\u5e74\u8cc7\u6599\u986f\u793a\uff0c15\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u670934.4\uff05\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5c71\u5730\u9109\uff0c28.4\uff05\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5e73\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9109\u93ae\u5e02\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c71\u5730\u9109\u8207\u5e73\u5730\u539f\u910915\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9010\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u516d\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4e14\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u70ba\u6b63\u6210\u9577\u3002\u7136\u5247\u539f\u9109\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c71\u5730\u539f\u9109\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u591a\u5c6c\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8f03\u70ba\u843d\u5f8c\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u539f\u9109\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u90fd\u6703\u5730\u5340\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u300296\u5e74\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u9047\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u300c\u96e2\u5bb6\u592a\u9060\u300d\uff0834.2\uff05\uff09\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u3002
\n\u7531\u65bc\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u5340\u8207\u5c31\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u5340\u4f4d\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f7f\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7121\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u7372\u5f97\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6ce8\u91cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5929\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u539f\u9109\u5730\u5340\u8a31\u591a\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u79fb\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5340\u4f4d\u9650\u5236\u539f\u9109\u5730\u5340\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6c42\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u79fb\u5c45\u90fd\u5e02\u5730\u5340\u5c45\u4f4f\u5de5\u4f5c\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u878d\u5165\u90fd\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u90fd\u5e02\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5c31\u5931\u696d\u554f\u984c\u3002
\n[\u56db)\t\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53d6\u5f97\u843d\u5dee
\n96\u5e74\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u300c\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8[31.2\uff05)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5ee3\u7fa9\u5931\u696d\u8005\u670960.0\uff05\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u9047\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u4e2d\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u536038.5\uff05\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u4e5f\u5360\u670925.9\uff05\u3002\u820795\u5e74\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e5f\u662f\u56f0\u64fe\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\n\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5708\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u5169\u9805\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c31\u696d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u9020\u6210\u6c42\u8077\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6c42\u8077\u7ba1\u9053\u4ecd\u662f\u4ee5\u79c1\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\u8acb\u8a17\u89aa\u53cb\u5e2b\u9577\u4ecb\u7d39\u5de5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u66f4\u9020\u6210\u5931\u696d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6c42\u8077\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8086\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b
\n\u4e00\u3001\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9032\u7528\u539f\u5247\u6aa2\u8a0e
\n\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u300d\u4e2d\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u53ca\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u63d0\u6607\u53ca\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\uff1a
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u689d[\u5404\u7d1a\u516c\u71df\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9032\u7528)
\n\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u9664\u4f4d\u65bc\u6f8e\u6e56\u3001\u91d1\u9580\u3001\u9023\u6c5f\u7e23\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u50f1\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6eff\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e00\u4eba\uff1a
\n\u4e00\u3001\u7d04\u50f1\u4eba\u54e1\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u99d0\u885b\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u6280\u5de5\u3001\u99d5\u99db\u3001\u5de5\u53cb\u3001\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u3002\u56db\u3001\u6536\u8cbb\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u3002\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u5177\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u4efb\u7528\u8cc7\u683c\u4e4b\u975e\u6280\u8853\u6027\u5de5\u7d1a\u8077\u52d9\u3002
\n\u524d\u9805\u5404\u6b3e\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6eff\u4e94\u5341\u4eba\u672a\u6eff\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u4e4b\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u61c9\u6709\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e00\u4eba\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u5404\u7d1a\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u7d93\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\u5217\u70ba\u51fa\u7f3a\u4e0d\u88dc\u8005\uff0c\u5404\u8a72\u4eba\u54e1\u4e0d\u4e88\u5217\u5165\u524d\u9805\u7e3d\u984d\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u689d[\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u516c\u71df\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9032\u7528)
\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5176\u50f1\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u7e3d\u984d\uff0c\u61c9\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff1a
\n\u4e00\u3001\u7d04\u50f1\u4eba\u54e1\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u99d0\u885b\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u6280\u5de5\u3001\u99d5\u99db\u3001\u5de5\u53cb\u3001\u6e05\u6f54\u5de5\u3002\u56db\u3001\u6536\u8cbb\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u3002\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u5177\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u4efb\u7528\u8cc7\u683c\u4e4b\u975e\u6280\u8853\u6027\u5de5\u7d1a\u8077\u52d9\u3002
\n\u524d\u9805\u5404\u7d1a\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u7d93\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\u5217\u70ba\u51fa\u7f3a\u4e0d\u88dc\u8005\uff0c\u5404\u8a72\u4eba\u54e1\u4e0d\u4e88\u5217\u5165\u524d\u9805\u7e3d\u984d\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u9032\u7528\u9808\u5177\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u4efb\u7528\u8cc7\u683c\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u9032\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u61c9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u65bc\u73fe\u6709\u54e1\u984d\u4e4b\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u3001\u4e26\u61c9\u65bc\u672c\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u5f8c\u4e09\u5e74\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u73fe\u6709\u54e1\u984d\u672a\u9054\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8005\uff0c\u4fdf\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u51fa\u7f3a\u5f8c\u518d\u884c\u9032\u7528\u3002
\n\u672c\u6cd5\u6240\u7a31\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u6307\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u7d93\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u5831\u8acb\u884c\u653f\u9662\u6838\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5730\u5340\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u689d[\u627f\u5305\u9650\u5236)
\n\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u8fa6\u7406\u4f4d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u672a\u9054\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u8cfc\u6cd5\u516c\u544a\u91d1\u984d\u4e4b\u63a1\u8cfc\uff0c\u61c9\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u6cd5\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u627f\u5305\u3002\u4f46\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u6cd5\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u6703\u7121\u6cd5\u627f\u5305\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u9650\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u689d[\u5f97\u6a19\u5ee0\u5546\u50f1\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53ca\u88dc\u52a9)
\n\u4f9d\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u8cfc\u6cd5\u5f97\u6a19\u4e4b\u5ee0\uff0c\u65bc\u570b\u5167\u54e1\u5de5\u7e3d\u4eba\u6578\u903e\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u65bc\u5c65\u7d04\u671f\u9593\u50f1\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u6578\u4eba\u5f97\u4f4e\u65bc\u7e3d\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n\u4f9d\u524d\u9805\u898f\u5b9a\u50f1\u7528\u4e4b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65bc\u5f85\u5de5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u61c9\u8fa6\u7406\u8077\u524d\u8a13\u7df4;\u5176\u8a13\u7df4\u8cbb\u7528\u61c9\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u88dc\u52a9;\u5176\u88dc\u52a9\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u671f\u9593\u53ca\u6578\u984d\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u52de\u5de5\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6a5f\u95dc\u53e6\u4ee5\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e4b\u3002
\n\u5f97\u6a19\u5ee0\u5546\u9032\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u672a\u9054\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u6a19\u6e96\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u5411\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7d9c\u5408\u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u91d1\u4e4b\u5c31\u696d\u57fa\u91d1\u7e73\u7d0d\u4ee3\u91d1\u3002
\n\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u8cfc\u6cd5\u300d\u4e5f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5341\u516b\u689d\u898f\u7bc4\u4e86\u5f97\u6a19\u5ee0\u5546\u50f1\u7528\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\n\u4e09\u3001\u78ba\u5be6\u767c\u5c55\u8a13\u7528\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8d70\u5411
\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u7d93\u9a57\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e0d\u50c5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6559\u80b2\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u66f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u50f1\u7528\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8077\u8a13\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u958b\u8a2d\u66f4\u591a\u8077\u8a13\u8ab2\u7a0b\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u70ba\u95dc\u6ce8\u300c\u8a13\u7528\u5408\u4e00\u300d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8d70\u5411\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u6574\u5408\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u5340\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u8a13\u7df4\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u55ae\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u8077\u696d\u5c31\u696d\u9867\u554f\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u734e\u52f5\u512a\u826f\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u8207\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\u5354\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002
\n\u7f8e\u570b\u52de\u52d5\u90e8\u5c31\u696d\u8207\u8a13\u7df4\u7e3d\u7f721997\u5e74\u70ba\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5275\u9020\u5c31\u696d\u793e\u5340\u670d\u52d9\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703[Community Service Employment, CSE)\u53ca\u77ed\u671f\u8207\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u9a57[Work Experience, WE)\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8207\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u8001\u4eba\u7167\u8b77\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u7167\u8b77\u3001\u793e\u5340\u670d\u52d9\u8207\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u53c3\u52a0\u8005\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u9069\u7576\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u96e2\u958b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u81e8\u6642\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c [\u90ed\u632f\u660c\uff0c1999\uff1a27-29)
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\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u300c\u8a13\u7528\u5408\u4e00\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u8d70\u5411\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4ee5\u70ba\u570b\u5167\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u672a\u80fd\u8207\u4f01\u696d\u8077\u7f3a\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6280\u80fd\u6aa2\u5b9a\u5408\u683c\u8b49\u7167\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6539\u9032\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u3001\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u65b9\u6848
\n\u5f9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8207\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u4fc3\u9032\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u5c31\u696d\u4fc3\u9032\u6216\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b89\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u4e00\u5957\u5287\u672c\u300d\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u5283\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u7576\u7136\u9019\u8207\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53ca\u6fb3\u6d32\u5169\u570b\u5e45\u54e1\u5ee3\u5927\u3001\u5404\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b67\u7570\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u898f\u5283\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8207\u6fb3\u6d32\u6539\u8b8a\u904e\u53bb\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u9f13\u52f5\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u793e\u5340\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u4e9b\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002
\n\u81fa\u7063\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u82e5\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6216\u6fb3\u6d32\u5169\u570b\u822c\u7684\u5ee3\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u5225\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5340\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90fd\u6703\u5730\u5340\u53ca\u5c71\u5730\u539f\u9109\u5730\u5340\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5404\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u4fc3\u9032\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f9e\u653f\u7b56\u64ec\u5b9a\u3001\u65b9\u6848\u898f\u5283\u6216\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u90e8\u6703\u55ae\u4f4d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4e3b\u5c0e\u3001\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d93\u5e38\u7522\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u8207\u653f\u7b56\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u7684\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6216\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\n\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u93e1\u4e4b\u8655
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\n1.\u4fc3\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c31\u696d\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u4e4e\u793e\u5340\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5145\u88d5\u4e4b\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002
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