{"id":27685,"date":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.cahr.org.tw\/?p=27685"},"modified":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","slug":"27685","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cahr.org.tw\/?p=27685","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u6b0a\u8ad6\u58c7-\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\uff0d\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10\u70ba\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\uff0d\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10\u70ba\u4f8b
\n\u694a\u4ec1\u714c
\n\uf02a
\n\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u9452\u65bc\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u812b\u96e2\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08ethnocentrism\uff09\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u843d\u5be6\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u89c0\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0a\u91cd\u8207\u8aa0\u4fe1\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u898b\u611a\u6c11\u3001\u5974\u5316\u3001\u525d\u524a\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3001\u7121\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u5883\u9047\u3002\u4eba\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u8a02\u5b9a\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\uff08difference\uff0dblind\uff09\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u5e38\u6709\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8af8\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u6cbb\u7406\u4ecd\u672a\u64fa\u812b\u300c\u65bd\u6069\u300d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u76f8\u95dc\u516c\u90e8\u9580\uff08\u5982\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\uff09\u6839\u672c\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u8db3\u898b\u4eba\u6b0a\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u4ecd\u672a\u812b\u96e2\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u6b0a\u529b\u50b2\u6162\u4e4b\u5a01\u6b0a\u3001\u6b3a\u6c11\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5fc3\u614b\u3002
\n\u722d\u53d6\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u3001\u751f\u547d\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u7b49\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u61c9\u722d\u53d6\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5177\u53f0\u7063\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5982\u9112\u65cf\u6e6f\u82f1\u6607\u3001\u8702\u871c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e16\u5c45\u571f\u5730\u3001\u5e73\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u7a81\u7136\u8b8a\u70ba\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\uff08\u9650\u5236\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5c0d\u8c61\u50c5\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u70ba\u4e3b\uff09\u3001\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u65b0\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u5354\u5b9a\u8207\u518d\u80af\u8a8d\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d\u7121\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5df2\u901a\u904e\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u90b5\uff08Cau\uff09\u65cf\u3001\u5676\u746a\u862d\uff08Kavalan\uff09\u65cf\u3001\u592a\u9b6f\u95a3\uff08Toloko\uff09\u65cf\u3001\u6492\u5947\u62c9\u96c5\uff08Sakizaya\uff09\u65cf\uff0c\u88ab\u300c\u6838\u5b9a\u300d\u6b63\u540d\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8655\u8655\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u90b5\u65cf\u7b49\u65cf\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u98a8\u5411\u4e2d\u98c4\u6416\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7d42\u65bc\u88ab\u300c\u6838\u5b9a\u300d\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e43\u570b\u5bb6\u633e\u5176\u8cc7\u6e90\u64cd\u5f04\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f3c\u662f\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u300c\u65bd\u6069\u300d\uff08\u5e72\u9810\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u640d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002
\n \u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u5167\u82e5\u4ecd\u4e0d\u812b\u96e2\u5f9e\u524d\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u5a01\u6b0a\u3001\u6b3a\u6c11\u3001\u611a\u6c11\u7b49\u7d71\u6cbb\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u8ac7\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u6216\u65b0\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u843d\u5be6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u627f\u8a8d\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u591a\u5143\u8207\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u8cab\u5fb9\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u666e\u4e16\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u6cbb\u570b\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u6975\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u570b\u5bb6\u4eba\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u5f62\u540c\u5962\u671b\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u671f\u76fc\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u7834\u9664\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u627f\u8a8d\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e0d\u56e0\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u640d\u5931\u53ca\u7f3a\u61be\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u61c9\u6709\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u53d7\u5230\u83ab\u540d\u800c\u56b4\u91cd\u525d\u596a\u8207\u6253\u64ca\u3002
\n\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\uff1a\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Discrepancy Theory\uff09\u3001\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\uff08difference\uff0dblind\uff09\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08ethnocentrism\uff09\u3001\u6492\u5947\u62c9\u96c5\uff08Sakizaya<\/p>\n

Human Rights and Discrepancy Theory <\/p>\n

Yang,Jen\uff0dHuang\uf02a<\/p>\n

Abstract
\nThroughout history, most governments fail to get rid of their colonialism mentality, a common phenomenon under the feudal system, when it comes to policies toward indigenous peoples and the administrative governance. Most governments, while governing with ethnocentrism and narrow-minded nationalism, do not show enough respect to diversified cultural viewpoints. The indigenous culture and heritages are still encountered with exploitation, marginalization, degradation, and even cultural imperialism. Policy makers are difference-blind in this regard. It seems the governments are still patronizing the indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n

For instance, the legal process of rectifying Sau, Kavalan, Toroko, and Sakizaya people as indigenous peoples was completely dominated by the government. These peoples had to work very hard to find out which way the political wind was blowing. Even though the legal status of those peoples was eventually approved as indigenous peoples, the decision-making process was simply a patronage\/intervention by the manipulative government.<\/p>\n

\tHaving considered the above-mentioned administrative governance, how can we, as members of the global village, guarantee that our own cultural heritage will not be diluted? Moreover, as modern technology is still the dominant force today, it seems to be a luxury to recognize and acknowledge cultural diversity and discrepancy. Therefore, this paper intends to appeal to the ruling authority to introduce brand new policies that will help the indigenous peoples to create sustainable development projects under the age of glocalization.
\nKey words\uff1a Discrepancy Theory\uff08\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\u3001difference\uff0dblind\uff08\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\uff09\u3001ethnocentrism\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u3001Sakizaya\uff08\u6492\u5947\u62c9\u96c5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u58f9\u3001\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u56de\u9867\u9019\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5f9e\u8377\u862d\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u660e\u912d\u3001\u6eff\u6e05\u3001\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u7121\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u540c\u5316\u3001\u611a\u6c11\u3001\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u5974\u5316\u3001\u525d\u524a\u3001\u58d3\u8feb\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3001\u65bd\u6069\u3001\u3001\u7b49\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7d71\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u64da\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6d41\u50b3\u4e4b\u53e3\u50b3\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff1b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5f9e\u6e05\u671d\u3001\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8cdc\u6f22\u59d3\u3001\u6b78\u5316\u3001\u751f\u756a\u3001\u9ad8\u7802\u3001\u5e73\u57d4\u3001\u9ad8\u5c71\u65cf\u3001\u5c71\u5730\u540c\u80de\u3001\u5c71\u5730\u5e73\u5730\u5316\u3001\u5c71\u80de\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3001\u7b49\u4e4b\u540d\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u8db3\u898b\u518d\u518d\u50b3\u9054\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u540c\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u6d88\u6ec5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u65e2\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u800c\u660e\u76ee\u5f35\u81bd\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u5408\u7406\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5148\u5f8c\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e86\u51f1\u9054\u683c\u862d\u3001\u9053\u5361\u65af\u3001\u8c93\u9727\u62c9\u3001\u5df4\u5e03\u62c9\u3001\u5df4\u6fa4\u6d77\u3001\u6d2a\u96c5\u3001\u897f\u62c9\u96c5\u3001\u7334\u7334\u3001\u3001\u3001\u7b49\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dKavalan\u65cf\u3001Sao\u65cf\u5df2\u6b63\u540d\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u88ab\u6ec5\u7d55\u5f8c\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u8569\u7136\u7121\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u662f\u671f\u76fc\u56de\u5230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u61f7\u62b1\uff0c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5f37\u5236\u540c\u5316\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u7121\u529b\u6297\u722d\u5a01\u8105\u5229\u8a98\uff0c\u5de7\u53d6\u8c6a\u596a\u4e4b\u5f37\u6b0a\uff0c\u8a8d\u540c\u7570\u65cf\u662f\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u62b5\u64cb\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u627f\u8a8d\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u627f\u8a8d\u8a8d\u540c\u5df1\u65cf\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5df2\u898b\u653f\u5e9c\u6f38\u9f13\u52f5\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u4ee5\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u81ea\u6c7a\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u71df\u9020\u5168\u7403\u5728\u5730\u5316Glocalization\uff09\u4e4b\u90e8\u843d\u6216\u793e\u5340\u767c\u5c55\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u8d70\u52e2\u3002
\n \u8fd1\u4ee3\u53c8\u56e0\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b78\u8005George Manuel\uff081974\uff09\u3001James Tully\uff081995\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005Iris Young\uff081990\uff09\u3001Kymlica\uff082001\uff09\u7b49\u5021\u5c0e\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u6587\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u53ca\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\uff08Fourth world\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u6b0a\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u5f35\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u7403\u89c0\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u5c6c\u65bc\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u9078\u64c7\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u53bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6b0a\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u9032\u884c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0d\u8ac7\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u8207\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5f97\u4ee5\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u904b\u52d5\u6240\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u300c\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u6b0a\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u6c7a\u6b0a\u300d\u4e5f\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u66f4\u6df1\u5316\u3001\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7b2c\u56db\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u66f4\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u7d71\u6574\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002
\n \u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b78\u8005James Tully\uff081995\uff09\u5c0d\u65bc\u627f\u8a8d\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u53ca\u5dee\u7570\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8457\u58a8\u6700\u6df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u61b2\u653f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u70ba\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u904e\u5206\u91cd\u8996\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53ca\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u4e4b\u5e1d\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u975e\u5e38\u6574\u9f4a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u4e4b\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u7121\u8010\u6027\u8abf\u548c\u3001\u66f4\u7121\u6cd5\u5305\u5bb9\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u61b2\u653f\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u627f\u8a8d\u5176\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u5316\u627f\u8a8d\u53ca\u722d\u53d6\u67d0\u7a2e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u61c9\u6709\u4e4b\u91cd\u8996\u3002James Tully\uff082001\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u8655\u8a8d\u540c\u89ba\u9192\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8981\u6c42\u5dee\u7570\u53ca\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u61b2\u6cd5\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u8a8d\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u5206\u53ca\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4e26\u5217\u8209\u5176\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u898f\u5b9a\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ca\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0e\u5f15\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5176\u627f\u8a8d\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u904b\u884c \u3002
\n \u5f9e\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u7279\u6b8a\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u4e92\u52d5\u53f2\u5be6\u6587\u737b\u53ca\u53e3\u50b3\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u7530\u91ce\u8cc7\u6599\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\uff1a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u6f22\u4eba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u53ca\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u5148\u5360\u65cf\u7fa4\uff1a\u6f22\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u5c45\u4f4f\u597d\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u5cf6\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u611f\u60c5\u8207\u5207\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e4b\u56fa\u6709\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff1a\u6f22\u4eba\u4f86\u53f0\u524d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e0d\u50c5\u4f54\u6709\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u65cf\u4eba\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5a01\u6b0a\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u59cb\u5f9e\u672a\u653e\u68c4\u904e\u5176\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u52a3\u52e2\u5883\u9047\uff1b\u5982Iris Young\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b63\u9762\u81e8\u540c\u6a23\u4e4b\u525d\u524a\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3001\u7121\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5883\u9047\uff0c\u69cb\u6210Iris Young\u6240\u8b02\u4e4b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570\u6027 \u3002
\n \u7531\u4e0a\u53f2\u5be6\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e4b\u52d5\u56e0\uff0c\u81f4\u91c0\u6210\u5168\u7403\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u5927\u81f3\u5982\u722d\u53d6\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u6b0a\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u6c7a\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5fa9\u632f\u3001\u798f\u7949\u793e\u6703\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u62ac\u982d\uff0c\u5c0f\u81f3\u5982\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751fSARS\u75c5\u4f8b\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u9ad4\u8cea\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u4fdd\u8b77\u653f\u7b56\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u570b\u5167\u4e4b\u9031\u4f11\u4e8c\u65e5\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u512a\u7f8e\u7121\u6c61\u67d3\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u7279\u7570\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff08\u85dd\u80fd\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u6c42\u751f\u3001\u8c50\u5e74\u796d\u3001\u6b4c\u821e\u3001\u91ab\u85e5\u3001\u5929\u6587\u3001\u500b\u6027\u3001\u9ad4\u8cea\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u6587\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u3001\u89c0\u5149\u666f\u9ede\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u64da\u9ede\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5b78\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u7bc4\u7587\u3002
\n \u7531\u662f\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u8b8a\u6210\u4eba\u4eba\u97ff\u5f80\u9050\u601d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u851a\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5dee\u7570\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5712\u5730\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u843d\u5404\u9805\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u81ea\u5916\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8db3\u8b49\u300c\u5728\u5730\u8207\u5168\u7403\u300d\u806f\u7d50\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u8a02\u5b9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5fa9\u632f\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5347\u5b78\u52a0\u5206\u4e4b\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u81ea\u6cbb\u5340\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u6703\u4e4b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u958b\u62d3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u85cd\u6d77\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u7121\u4eba\u7af6\u722d\u4e4b\u5177\u5728\u5730\u8207\u5168\u7403\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u6c11\u4fd7\u91ab\u7642\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u91ab\u7642\u4e4b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u8207\u63a5\u8ecc\u3002\u5728\u61b2\u6cd5\u4eba\u6b0a\u6216\u53f8\u6cd5\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u5be6\u8cea\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u8cb3\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u843d\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u6587\u5316
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u521d\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u53ca\u5404\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u5404\u65cf\u4fc2\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u9ad4\u7cfb\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u7dad\u7e6b\u5176\u90e8\u843d\u502b\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u300c\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u3002\u5404\u65cf\u6709\u5176\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u9818\u57df\u7bc4\u570d\u4fc2\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e4b\u3002\u5404\u65cf\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5c6c\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u3001\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u5957\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c0 \u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u63a2\u6790\u5176\u6163\u7fd2\u898f\u7bc4\uff1a
\n \u4e00\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u9999\u683c\u91cc\u62c9\u5316\u7d44\u7e54\uff1a
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e26\u7121\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6211\u65cf\u300d\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5c0d\u5916\u5340\u5225\u4f60\u7fa4\u3001\u4ed6\u7fa4\u3001\u6211\u7fa4\uff0c\u5c0d\u5167\u5efa\u69cb\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u89aa\u758f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5e38\u614b\u6027\u8207\u975e\u5e38\u614b\u6027\u7684\u610f\u898b\u53ca\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u7d71\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fe5\u7570\u65bc\u73fe\u4eca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u5211\u7f70\u9ad4\u5236\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6574\u5957\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u9032\u5165\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u539f\u672c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u90e8\u843d\u7d44\u7e54\u8fc5\u901f\u5d29\u89e3\uff0c\u74e6\u89e3\u4e0d\u65b7\u6d41\u50b3\u8457\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u90e8\u843d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u300e\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\uff0d\u9999\u683c\u91cc\u62c9\u300f\u7684\u7965\u548c\u793e\u6703\u3002
\n \u4e8c\u3001.\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\u5dee\u7570\u5316\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\uff1a
\n \u6bcf\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u4ee5\u5176\u90e8\u843d\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u9031\u906d\u5730\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8f2a\u8015\u3001\u71d2\u58be\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b97\u6559\uff08\u795e\u8056\uff09\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8056\u5730\u3001\u7956\u9748\u5730\u7b49\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u7a2e\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c0d\u5176\u9818\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u8fe5\u7570\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5c64\u6b21\u4e95\u7136\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u3002\u5728\u8207\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u63a5\u89f8\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u58be\u6b96\u79fb\u6c11\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u958b\u767c\u64c1\u70ba\u5df1\u6709\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u5f37\u5ea6\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6b0a\u5229\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u65bc\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u5543\u8755\u3002\u7576\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u5206\u5272\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u90e8\u843d\u6240\u5728\u5730\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u3002
\n \u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0a\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6f14\u7e79\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u4eca\u6614\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u571f\u5730\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u5851\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u6f14\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8cbc\u8fd1\u65bc\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u5982\u679c\u812b\u96e2\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u5229\u76ca\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5c0d\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u963b\u64cb\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u865b\u69cb\u5229\u76ca\u638c\u63e1\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u7d93\u9a57\u5be6\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\u3002
\n \u4e09\u3001\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u900f\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u8655\u5883
\n \u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5747\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5e95\u9650\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u65cf\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u672a\u7d93\u5fb5\u8a62\u800c\u5c07\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u5283\u6b78\u570b\uff08\u516c\uff09\u6709\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u5be6\u65bd\u6cef\u6ec5\u65cf\u7fa4\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5b97\u6559\uff09\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u8207\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u56b4\u91cd\u4fb5\u72af\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u8861\u8af8\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u56e0\u6f22\u4eba\u55a7\u8cd3\u596a\u4e3b\u7684\u300c\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u8655\u5883\u300d\u3002
\n\u4f46\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u8655\u5883\u4e0b\u570b\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u7121\u610f\u9593\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6b64\u4e00\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u570b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7e3d\u7d71\u9678\u7e8c\u300c\u5ba3\u4f48\u300d\u4e4b\u90b5\u65cf\u3001\u5676\u746a\u862d\u65cf\u3001\u592a\u9b6f\u95a3\u65cf\u3001\u6492\u5947\u840a\u96c5\u65cf\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u3001\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5341\u4e09\u65cf\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u90b5\u65cf\u7b49\u65cf\u6b77\u7d93\u6578\u5e74\u7684\u722d\u53d6\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u80cc\u66f8\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u591a\u6b21\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u53ec\u958b\u7684\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u516c\u6587\u5f80\u8fd4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u300c\u6838\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u628a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7576\u4f5c\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5178\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e26\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u7d93\u7531\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u65bd\u6069\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6838\u5b9a\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u5747\u70ba\u601d\u8003\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u6aa2\u9a57\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff08\u975e\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u91d0\u6e05\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u53ca\u5b9a\u4f4d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u73fe\u5728\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u6cd5\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002
\n \u56db\u3001\u900f\u6790\u5e7e\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56
\n \u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7d1b\u7d1b\u812b\u96e2\u5176\u5b97\u4e3b\u570b\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u64fa\u812b\u5b97\u4e3b\u570b\u904e\u53bb\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5c64\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u76f8\u9023\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\uff08\u59d1\u4e14\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u65bc\u5916\u4f86\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u773c\u770b\u300c\u5fa9\u570b\u300d\u7121\u671b\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u9577\u4e45\u505c\u7559\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff08\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5207\u65b7\u53f0\u7063\u8207\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u5c0b\u6c42\u3001\u5efa\u69cb\u806f\u7e6b\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u300d\u4e43\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u5cf6\u5dbc\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u9577\u4e45\u6df5\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ca\u8207\u65cf\u5916\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5177\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5473\u300d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5bf6\u85cf\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u9042\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u7b26\u865f\u300d\u3002\u4e26\u6fc0\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u843d\u8a2d\u7fa4\u7522\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8b8a\u9077\uff1a
\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u66dd\u5149\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u51f8\u986f\u5176\u6f22\u4eba\u7d71 \u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u4e3b\u6d41\u5730\u4f4d\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u52d9\u5fc5\u9808\u7d0d\u5165\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8003\u91cf\u300d\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u904e\u53bb\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u7d0d\u5165\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u74b0\u4fdd\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u65b0\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u51f8\u986f\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\u88ab\u6587\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u6240\u63a9\u84cb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5f9e\u6587\u5316\u9762\u5411\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u300c\u80fd\u6b4c\u5584\u821e\u9152\u91cf\u597d\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u53c8\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6975\u70ba\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5982\u9157\u9152\u3001\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u611a\u7b28\u3001\u7c97\u4fd7\u7b49\u7b49\u76f8\u8f03\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8f03\u70ba\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u6613\u88ab\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e4b\u5c08\u9577\u8207\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u8ca0\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6df1\u5165\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u53e6\u4e00\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u7576\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5148\u6c11\u6e21\u6d77\u4f86\u53f0\u300d\u7684\u8271\u8f9b\u53ca\u7bf3\u8def\u85cd\u7e37\u958b\u58be\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53ea\u6709\u8c50\u5e74\u796d\u5178\u4e4b\u6b4c\u821e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u504f\u898b\u8207\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u958b\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u5927\u773e\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0d\u53ea\u8981\u7d66\u5979\u5011\u5403\u559d\u73a9\u6a02\u5c31OK\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5979\u5011\u78b0\u89f8\u512a\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u53ca\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u7559\u610f\u6211\u9580\u4e0d\u5c31\u50cf\u85dd\u5993\u4e5e\u4e10\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4e4b\u5316\u5916\u6c11\u65cf\u55ce\uff1f\u8272\u6212\u4e5f\uff01
\n\uff08\u56db\uff09\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u70ba\u7d71\u3001\u7368\u4e4b\u722d\u7684\u7c4c\u78bc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u73cd\u60dc\u6211\u9580\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5c31\u662f\u8f49\u6a5f\uff0d\u6212\u8a18
\n \uff01\u73cd\u60dc\u9019\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u751f\u547d\u795e\u8056\u6cd5\u5247\u4e4b\u5fa9
\n \u91cd\u69cb\u5275\u5851\u7b49\u4f7f\u547d\u3002
\n \uff08\u4e94\uff09\u6fc0\u8d77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53e6\u4e00\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u4e4b\u89ba\u9192\u904b\u52d5\u518d\u8208\u3002
\n\u672c\u571f\u5316\u53c3\u96dc\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u5716\u653b\u7565\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u88ab\u53bb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6cdb\u81fa\u7063\u610f\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e2\u9192\u76ee\u537b\u53c8\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u62c9\u626f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u89ba\u9192\u81ea\u89ba\u610f\u8b58\u67d4\u8178\u5bf8\u65b7\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u98c4\u6416\u64fa\u76ea\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u4fc2\u4f34\u96a8\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8b70\u984c\u6d6e\u73fe\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u52e2\u5c07\u8207\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u5171\u751f\u5171\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u62c9\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7dad\u7e6b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5275\u751f\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5c07\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10
\n\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2
\n \u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff08human right\uff09\uff0c\u6cdb\u7a31\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u6307\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7576\u7136\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u6b0a\u662f\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u4e4b\u5929\u8ce6\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b93\u6e21\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u5df2\u851a\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e4b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u7136\u56e0\u5404\u570b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u96d6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e4b\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u5177\u9ad4\u843d\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u901a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u6b0a\u9b25\u58eb\u7684\u5148\u54f2\u4ee5\u8840\u6dda\u64b0\u5beb\u6210\u7684 \u3002
\n Mr.Mercredi\u8aaa \uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9580\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u6211\u9580\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9700\u6642\u9593\u91cd\u65b0\u6d3b\u5316\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f37\u8abf\u8b93\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u5167\u6db5\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u9700\u8981\u754c\u5b9a\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8b93\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\u3002\u8eab\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u4f60\u6211\u4ed6\u90fd\u61c9\u7a4d\u6975\u5411\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u55c6\u8072\uff1a\u300c\u722d\u53d6\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u5c0a\u56b4\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\u8207\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7b49\u7b49\u300d\u3002
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u9060\u666f\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u5c0d\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u672a\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u9858\u666f\u3001\u76fc\u671b\u3001\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f88\u96e3\u505a\u5230\u8ac7\u5224\u684c\u4e0a\u722d\u53d6\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5236\u6cd5\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5305\u5bb9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u53ca\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0d\u56e0\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u800c\u88ab\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10\u3002
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u5916\u4f86\u653f\u6b0a\u5e38\u6709\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u9023\u5df1\u7fa4\u9593\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u5718\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5145\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u67b6\u69cb\u4ecd\u5f85\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u81f4\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u9867\u616e\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8207\u90e8\u843d\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u9ebb\u7169\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u6709\u5340\u57df\u6027\u8207\u65cf\u7fa4\u6027\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u6cbb\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u653f\u52d9\u3002
\n \u6469\u5c3c\u6f22 \uff08Daniel Partrick Moynihan\uff09\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0d\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u6709\u7cbe\u91c7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u300c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u300d
\n \u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u793e\u6703\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5b63\u723e兹\uff08Clifford Geertz\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u5f37\u8abf\u6587\u5316\u662f\u300c\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u300d\uff08thick description\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6574\u500b\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e3b\u89c0\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u50be\u5411\u8207\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u666e\u904d\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002
\n \u8457\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u827e\u5609\u9813\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u5176\u7368\u5230\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff1a\u300e\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9109\u6751\u6216\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u3001\u6148\u60b2\u5fc3\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u611b\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u6703\u5b8c\u6210\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u6b98\u9177\u5c0d\u5f85\u8207\u82e6\u96e3\u7684\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u82e6\u96e3\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u300f
\n \u5dee\u7570\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u97d3\u570b\u3001\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u71b1\u5e36\u3001\u5bd2\u5e36\u3001\u6eab\u5e36\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u7bc0\u5109\u3001\u6295\u8cc7\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u62fc\u3001\u91cd\u8996\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5b89\u5206\u5b88\u5df1\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u7d00\u5f8b\u7b49\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u512a\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u529b\u3001\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u3001\u548c\u5354\u529b\u3001\u5fcd\u8010\u5ea6\u3001\u9069\u61c9\u529b\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u529b\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u8b93\u4e16\u4eba\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u8def\u6613\u58eb\uff08Bernard Lewis\uff09\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u767c\u89ba\u4e8b\u60c5\u51fa\u4e86\u5dee\u932f\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u300e\u6211\u505a\u932f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f\u300f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u300e\u8ab0\u5bb3\u4e86\u6211\u9580\uff1f\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u554f\u984c\u554f\u984c\u4ee4\u4eba\u806f\u60f3\u9670\u8b00\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u504f\u57f7\u72c2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u662f\u806f\u60f3\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u624d\u5c0d\uff1f\u300d\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u725f\u8ad6\u8207\u504f\u57f7\u72c2 \u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9580\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u624d\u5c0d\uff1f\u300d1867\u52301868\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u5834\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e55\u5e9c\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u653f\u6b0a\u56de\u5230\u4eac\u90fd\u5929\u7687\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d50\u675f250\u5e74\u4e4b\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u7a31\u9019\u6b21\u653f\u6b0a\u6539\u8b8a\u70ba\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u50c5\u7a31\u6062\u5fa9\u820a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9806\u5229\u63a8\u52d5\u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u671d\u63db\u4ee3\uff0c\u8aa4\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u7f8e\u6eff\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5331\u4e4f\u3001\u4e0d\u7126\u616e\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u751f\u6d3b\u3002
\n \u806f\u5408\u570b\u9053\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u6e96 \uff1a\u300e\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u985e\u61c9\u8a72\u4eab\u6709\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u2026..\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u524d\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d66\u8207\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u2026..\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u53c3\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u662f\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u8209\u7522\u751f\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u2026.\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8207\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u98df\u8863\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u3001\u3001\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91ab\u7642\u7167\u9867\u8207\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u793e\u6703\u670d\u52d9\u2026.\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u300f
\n \u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u662f\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u82e6\u96e3\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u300f\u5b63\u723e兹\uff08Clifford Geertz\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u5f37\u8abf\u6587\u5316\u662f\u300c\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u300d\uff08thick description\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6574\u500b\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e3b\u89c0\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u50be\u5411\u8207\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u666e\u904d\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3001\u8c61\u5fb5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u5167\u6db5\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5167\u6db5\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5404\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u5dee\u7570\u3002
\n \u53f8\u6cd5\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\uff08\u4eba\u6b0a\uff09\u4e4b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9053\u4fdd\u8b77\u95dc\u5361\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6db5\u990a\uff0c\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u4e0d\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u6709\u5931\u53f8\u6cd5\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u672c\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u8cab\u5fb9\u4fdd\u969c\u5e73\u7b49\u6b0a\u3001\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u5206\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u4e0d\u8ad6\u8ca7\u5bcc\uff0c\u5747\u61c9\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u8b00\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6551\u6fdf\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff1b\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5236\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u9577\u671f\u9677\u5165\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u9762\u81e8\u571f\u5730\u7d1b\u722d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u722d\u57f7\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u8d70\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u63a5\u8fd1\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6c72\u6c72\u65bc\u9ee8\u5229\u9ee8\u7565\u3001\u591a\u6578\u6c7a\u5c08\u6a6b\u3001\u58d3\u529b\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u8b70\u4e8b\u59a8\u7919\u6a6b\u884c\u7684\u8b70\u6703\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u52d5\u8f12\u7121\u7aef\u6158\u906d\u6f20\u8996\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u8b70\u6703\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u767c\u63ee\u61c9\u6709\u800c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u6b64\u7a2e\u4eba\u6b0a\u906d\u6b83\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u653f\u6b0a\u904e\u5ea6\u80a5\u5927\u7684\u6211\u570b\u66f4\u662f\u8b8a\u672c\u52a0\u53b2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8f49\u800c\u671f\u5f85\u53f8\u6cd5\u626e\u6f14\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u8173\u8272\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u653f\u9ee8\u5316\u6216\u591a\u6578\u6c7a\u5c08\u6a6b\u7b49\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u5176\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e26\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002
\n \u6230\u5f8c\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u5c0d\u53f8\u6cd5\u59cb\u7d42\u4e0d\u812b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u7d55\u671b\u8ad6\u8005\u56fa\u70ba\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u9580\u5916\u6f22\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u5fd7\u4e4b\u58eb\u4ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u7919\u6216\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u7b49\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u96e3\u4ee5\u884c\u4f7f\u5176\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5176\u5c0a\u56b4\u53ca\u6b0a\u5229\u7121\u6cd5\u85c9\u7531\u53f8\u6cd5\u904b\u4f5c\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u904e\u7a0b\u7372\u5f97\u4f38\u5f35\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u7684\u5316\u5916\u4e4b\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u7acb\u8207\u5e78\u798f\u5747\u5c6c\u65bc\u6cd5\u7121\u64da\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u5145\u5be6\u3001\u5065\u5168\u8a34\u8a1f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8d70\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u3001\u56f0\u96e3\u6216\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u5176\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6216\u7684\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u6551\u6fdf\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u5f15\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u5c0e\u5411\u5236\u8861\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u9014\uff0c\u5be6\u70ba\u6211\u570b\u7576\u524d\u61b2\u653f\u53ca\u8a34\u8a1f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c \u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u770b\u6cd5\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a
\n \u57fa\u65bc\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5883\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u7fa4\u653f\u7b56\u537b\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5be6\u65bd\u6b96\u6c11\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7570\u6587\u5316\u8207\u7570\u65cf\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u5be6\u65bd\u9a45\u96e2\u3001\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u9806\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u611a\u6c11\u3001\u5974\u6c11\u3001\u8a50\u6b3a\u3001\u525d\u524a\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u6539\u8b8a\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u53ad\u60e1\u4e4b\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8a71\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u57f7\u653f\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u5ba3\u8a93\u6027\u4e4b\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u65b0\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u7d0d\u5165\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u7ae0\u53ca\u901a\u904e\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8cea\u4e4b\u5be6\u8e10\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4ea6\u662f\u63db\u6e6f\u4e0d\u63db\u85e5\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u65cf\u7fa4\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u6709\u610f\u7121\u610f\u6f20\u8996\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u6216\u6b0a\u5229\u8005\u50b2\u6162\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u64c1\u67095\u30016000\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u300c\u967d\uff0f\u9670\u9ed8\u8a8d\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u88e1\u5b50\uff0f\u9762\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u8db3\u8b49\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u7a0d\u4e00\u4e0d\u614e\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u582a\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u3002
\n \u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u5916\u4f86\u653f\u6b0a\u4e4b\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u4e4b\u7d71\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5f62\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u662f\u8001\u5927\u5fc3\u614b\u5373\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u932f\u8aa4\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u5f97\u4e0d\u511f\u5931\u4e4b\u6216\u679c\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u6703\u4fe1\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8a31\u96e3\u5bdf\u89ba\u5176\u597d\u60e1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u5145\u6eff\u7121\u5948\u53ca\u7121\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u53c8\u4f55\u5948\uff01
\n \u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5145\u6eff\u65bd\u60e0\u3001\u5fb7\u653f\u3001\u611f\u6069\u4e4b\u6b67\u8996\u504f\u898b\u653f\u7b56\u8868\u5fb5\uff09\u4e4b\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u614b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u5957\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u985e\u6b78\u65bc\u6211\u7fa4\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f97\u904e\u4e14\u904e\u3001\u51e1\u4e8b\u4e0d\u8981\u60f9\u9ebb\u7169\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u59d4\u5c48\u6c42\u5168\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u662f\u662f\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u60a8\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u4f46\u5167\u5fc3\u77db\u76fe\u5176\u885d\u7a81\u6d2a\u6d41\u5d29\u76e4\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u50cf\u52a0\u79ae\u5b9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u83ab\u90a3\u9b6f\u9053\u9727\u793e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u9084\u6211\u571f\u5730\u3001\u6b63\u540d\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u9084\u6211\u7956\u5148\u9818\u57df\u5708\u5730\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u70ba\u56fa\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u9084\u6211\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\uff0c\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u82e5\u6020\u6162\u9072\u4e0d\u57f7\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60dc\u8207\u806f\u5408\u570b\u570b\u969b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u806f\u76df\u639b\u9264\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6b0a\u642c\u4e0a\u570b\u969b\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u601d\u8003\u4ecd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6c11\u65cf\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u7406\u776c\uff0c\u5206\u5316\u3001\u65bd\u6069\u3001\u9a19\u4e00\u9a19\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ee5\u5937\u5236\u5937\u5c31OK\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u722d\u53d6\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u4e4b\u540c\u80de\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u5011\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u6216\u5be6\u8e10\uff0cPairang\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u5979\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b54\u61c9\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5be6\u8cea\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5247\u8981\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u9580\u5340\u5340\u4e0d\u52302\uff05\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u9580\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57283\u3001400\u5e74\u5916\u4f86\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u6b0a\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e4b\u610f\u8b58\u8e42\u8eaa\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u4e0d\u6210\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6a23\u3001
\n\u4e09\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e4b\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u53f8\u6cd5\u500b\u6848\u7279\u6b8a\u5211\u6cd5\uff0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u69cd\u5f48\u7832\u85e5\u7b49\u689d\u4f8b\uff09
\n \u570b\u5bb6\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u9818\u5730\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8a2d\u6709\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e8c\u8005\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f9d\u89e3\u91cb\u8ad6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u64da\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u6b63\u78ba\u627e\u5c0b\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u929c\u63a5\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u6210\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u59a5\u7576\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u3002\u6309\u7167\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u7565\u53ef\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b \uff1a
\n 1\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u6cd5
\n\u6211\u570b\u6c11\u6cd5\u53ca\u5927\u591a\u6578\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u7686\u5c6c\u4efb\u610f\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u5224\u65b7\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u53ca\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u679c\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u9664\u61c9\u659f\u914c\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u5c24\u9808\u4ee5\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u505a\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u9047\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u6587\u61c9\u4ee5\u7fd2\u6163\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u61c9\u4ee5\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u512a\u5148\u9069\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5f37\u884c\u6cd5
\n\u6211\u570b\u5211\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u7b49\u516c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u6b0a\u6cd5\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u6cd5\u3001\u7e7c\u627f\u6cd5\u7b49\u6c11\u4e8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b86\u5c6c\u5f37\u884c\u6cd5\u7684\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6c11\u3001\u5211\u4e8b\u5be9\u5224\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u56fa\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4ee5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u9055\u6cd5\u6027\u53ca\u8cac\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5118\u91cf\u4ee5\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u4f5c\u70ba\u963b\u537b\u9055\u6cd5\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u6216\u6e1b\u514d\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u7de9\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u751f\u7684\u56b4\u9177\u6027\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11
\n \u5831\u8f09\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u751f\u91ab\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u53f0\u7063\u57fa\u56e0\u5eab\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a08\u756b\u6642\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5411\u570b\u5167\u4e09\u5927\u65cf\u7fa4\u798f\u4f6c\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u62bd\u8840\u3002\u9019\u6d88\u606f\u5c0d\u65bc\u504f\u9060\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u540c\u80de\u5df2\u975e\u65b0\u9bae\u4e8b\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u539f\u9109\u7684\u885b\u751f\u9662\u6240\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u66ff\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u540c\u80de\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\u6642\uff0c\u7e3d\u6703\u300c\u9806\u4fbf\u300d\u591a\u62bd\u500b\u4e00\u5169\u7ba1\u300c\u5099\u7528\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u672a\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\u7684\u51a0\u4e0a\u300c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u6216\u662f\u300c\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u985e\u91ab\u7642\u9032\u6b65\u300d\u7b49\u7b49\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u8b93\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u9109\u89aa\uff0c\u6df1\u89ba\u300c\u5929\u5c07\u964d\u5927\u4efb\u65bc\u65af\u4eba\u4e5f\u300d\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u300c\u82e6\u5176\u5fc3\u5fd7\u300d\u3001\u300c\u52de\u5176\u7b4b\u9aa8\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9023\u7b4b\u9aa8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9867\u4e86\uff0c\u62bd\u9ede\u8840\u53c8\u7b97\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f
\n \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6b0a\u3001\u5f31\u52e2\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u55ae\u55ae\u662f\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u540c\u798f\u626f\u70ba\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u9762\u81e8\u5230\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u9762\u81e8\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u7570\u5feb\u901f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u52d5\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5f71\u97ff\u5b70\u8f15\u5b70\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u9577\u671f\u5730\u7403\u8207\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e00\u8d77\u596e\u9b25\u7684\u6700\u5fe0\u5be6\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6703\u5e0c\u671b\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f15\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5148\u6e9d\u901a\u6559\u5c0e\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u651c\u624b\u9762\u5c0d\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u6709\u9053\u662f\u300c\u4eba\u90fd\u8ac7\u4e0d\u650f\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u54ea\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u79d1\u6280\u5462\u300d\uff1f
\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u6b0a\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u3001\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\uff1a
\n \u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u57f7\u653f\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u5433\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a \u6731\u6b66\u667a\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6642\u5831\uff0c2007.10.19 A16\u5831\u5c0e\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u9662\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5341\u6708\u5341\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u6703\u540c\u8fb2\u59d4\u6703\u516c\u4f48\u300c\u65b0\u7af9\u7e23\u5c16\u77f3\u9109\u7389\u5cf0\u3001\u79c0\u5dd2\u4e8c\u6751\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u63a1\u53d6\u68ee\u6797\u7522\u7269\u4f5c\u696d\u8981\u9ede\u300d\uff0c\u516c\u4f48\u7d04\u4e09\u842c\u4e03\u5343\u516c\u9803\u50b3\u7d71\u57df\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7576\u5730\u5728\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u68ee\u6797\u7522\u7522\u52d9\u800c\u4e0d\u9055\u6cd5\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u516c\u544a\u6cf0\u96c5\u65cf\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u5354\u6703\u7b49\u5718\u9ad418\u65e5\u7acb\u5373\u767c\u8868\u8072\u660e\u8b74\u8cac\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u9055\u6cd5\u5931\u8077\u4e26\u525d\u596a\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u627f\u8a8d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff08inherent\uff09\u5433\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u66f4\u6f20\u89962005\u5e742\u6708\u901a\u904e\u4e4b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7279\u5225\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8207\u570b\u969b\u5f37\u8abf\u4e4b\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u524d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u300d\uff08FPIC\uff09\u539f\u5247\u76f8\u7274\u89f8\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u5718\u9ad4\u767c\u8868\u806f\u5408\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u7247\u9762\u516c\u544a\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7121\u7d93\u904e\u4e0d\u63e1\u5145\u5206\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u4f86\u9084\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u9808\u6309\u6b64\u300c\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\uff0c\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u3001\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u3001\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u597d\u300d\u4e4b\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u6b0a\u529b\u50b2\u6162\u601d\u8003\u300d\u4e4b\u4f5c\u696d\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u7576\u7136\u662f\u9055\u80cc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u5404\u9805\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002
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\n\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u50b3\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5929\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u751f\u614b\u7dad\u8b77\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u667a\u6167\u8207\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u5982\u7dad\u8b77\u5c71\u3001\u6d77\u3001\u6cb3\u4e4b\u614b\u5ea6\u50f9\u503c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\u5929\u4eba\u6cd5\u5247\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u8b77\u5c71\u3001\u611b\u5c71\u3001\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u796d\u5100\uff0c\u7121\u4f9d\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u7e8c\u81ea\u5df1\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7956\u5148\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4f55\u5176\u53ef\u8cb4\u3001\u9ad8\u5c1a\u3001\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u4f86\u63a0\u596a\u8005\u6b3a\u9a19\u3001\u6295\u6a5f\u3001\u8cb7\u8ce3\u3001\u5de7\u53d6\u8c6a\u596a\u4e4b\u6d6a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u9818\u609f\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u667a\u6167\u662f\u5343\u5343\u842c\u842c\u5e02\u4ee3\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\u600e\u9ebc\u5fcd\u5fc3\uff0c\u6627\u8457\u826f\u77e5\u9055\u80cc\u5929\u8ce6\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u3001\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5047\u5b9a\u8a02\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u884c\u63a0\u596a\u571f\u5730\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6ec5\u65cf\u9748\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4ee5\u4fb5\u596a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u751f\u8a08\u6b0a\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6b0a\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u6b0a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5929\u4f7f\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u627f\u8a8d\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u4fdd\u8b77\u6211\u9580\u3002\u6b64\u9ede\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u689d\u4e2d\u4ea6\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u3002\u61c9\u76e1\u901f\u4fee\u6539\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u8cab\u5fb9\uff0c\u61c9\u539f\u9084\u7d66\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u539f\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u5171\u751f\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u627f\u8207\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff1a
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09baluyalau\u9084\u6211\u7956\u5148\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5708\u5730\u904b\u52d5
\n\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f86\u81ea\u5929\u7c5f\u4e4b\u6545\u9109\uff0d\u5df4\u9ece\u96c5\u8001\ufe5dbaliyalau\ufe5e\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u908a\u81f3\u5c11\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u7121\u6578\u500b\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5728\u9019\u908a\u5f9e\u4e0d\u5331\u4e4f\u66f4\u4e0d\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u8457\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u904e\u8457\u5feb\u6a02\u4f3c\u795e\u4ed9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u66fe\u5e7e\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u5916\u4f86\u65cf\u7fa4\u767c\u73fe\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5bf6\u5cf6\uff0d\u798f\u723e\u6469\u838e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u904e\u975e\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u58d3\u69a8\u3001\u8e42\u8eaa\u3001\u611a\u6c11\u3001\u5974\u5316\u3001\u6c61\u540d\u3001\u9694\u96e2\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u7b49\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u6050\u6016\u7d71\u6cbb\u4f0e\u5006\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u539f\u70ba\u5929\u7c5f\u7684\u6545\u9109\u4fbf\u70ba\u4e00\u66f2\u547b\u541f\u3001\u7121\u5948\u3001\u5436\u558a\u3001\u6c42\u6551\u7684\u4ea4\u97ff\u6a02\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u4fb5\u5360\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u795e\u8056\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u6587\u5316\u7cbe\u795e\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u5716\u9a30\u4f86\u8ff7\u60d1\u3001\u6b3a\u9a19\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u81ea\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u6e2f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u7528\u5176\u6975\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\u3001\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u53f0\u7063\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f9e\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9053\u9053\u5730\u5730\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0d\u5929\u7c5f\u4e4b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u5435\u96dc\u3001\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u5feb\u6a02\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u4f55\u5948\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5929\u7c5f\u7684\u6545\u9109\u7adf\u6210\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u6028\u5606\u3001\u7121\u5948\u7684\u547b\u541f\u548c\u5436\u558a\u7684\u4ea4\u97ff\u6a02\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u60c5\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\u4e0d\u9858\u3002
\nBaliyalau\uff08\u73fe\u4eca\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\u53ca\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\uff09\u662f\u6709\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u8cc7\u6599\u53e3\u8ff0\u53ca\u9304\u97f3\u986f\u793abaliyalau\u78ba\u70ba\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u9762\u5c0d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u7121\u6cd5\u7ad9\u5728\u5f4c\u88dc\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u820a\u50b7\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u88dc\u6551\u6c11\u65cf\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u53bb\uff0891\uff09\u5e74\u9678\u7e8c\u4f86\u5230baliyalau\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u70ba\u7956\u9748\u9818\u57df\u96c6\u7d50\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u597d\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u53c8\u5ef6\u4f38\u539f\u4f86\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u5df2\u653e\u79df\u7d66\u4e00\u822c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0d\u9000\u8f14\u6703\uff0c\u628a\u71d9\u624b\u5c71\u828b\u4e1f\u7d66\u627f\u79df\u7684\u6f22\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u9019\u6279\u6f22\u4eba\u8207\u6e34\u671b\u56de\u5230\u7956\u9748\u9818\u57df\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ad9\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u596e\u4e0d\u9867\u8eab\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u81ea\u638f\u8170\u5305\u5c0b\u8993\u8db3\u53ef\u8b49\u660ebaliyalau\u662f\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7684\u7956\u5148\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u4f86\u9678\u7e8c\u7531\u9577\u8001\u77f3\u5e78\u52bb\u5148\u751f\u7387\u9818\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u674e\u91d1\u96c4\u5148\u751f\u3001\u5409\u7f85\u597d\u592b\u5a66\u3001\u9ec3\u5065\u4eff\u592b\u5a66\u7b49\u4eba\u62ab\u661f\u6234\u6708\u3001\u6328\u5bb6\u6328\u6236\u9304\u97f3\u3001\u8a2a\u554f\u53d6\u5f97\u771f\u5be6\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5f9e\u5b78\u58eb\u3001\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u904e\u7a0b\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u90fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u96e2\u904e\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53ca\u9f13\u52f5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u842c\u96e3\u4e00\u8d77\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u5954\u6ce2\uff0c\u59cb\u70ba\u624b\u7121\u5bf8\u9435\u4e5f\u7121\u6709\u5229\u4eba\u58eb\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u548c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u56de\u5230\u7956\u9748\u61f7\u62b1\uff0dbaliyalau\u7684\u80f8\u61f7\u800c\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6493\u5411\u524d\u8d70\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u8ca2\u737b\u81ea\u5df1\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u8f03\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6587\u737b\u7576\u4e2d\u53ca\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u7bc7\u6709\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8840\u8207\u6c57\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5145\u5be6\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ffe\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u65cf\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u7956\u9748\u61f7\u62b1\u7684\u5fc3\u9858\u3002
\n\u30001\u3001\u9084\u6211\u7956\u5148\u9818\u571f\uff0c\u8a93\u5e2b\u65bcbaliyalau
\n\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u5230\u9019\u5247\u65b0\u805e\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u8a72\u9ad8\u8208\u9084\u662f\u8a72\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u9ad8\u8208\u662f\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7fa4\u773e\u5728\u6c92\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u52d5\u54e1\u53ca\u80cc\u5f8c\u6709\u5229\u4eba\u58eb\u4e4b\u9a45\u4f7f\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u96c6\u7d50\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u5230\u7956\u9748\u7684\u61f7\u62b1\u3001\u64c1\u62b1\u5929\u7c5f\u7684\u6545\u9109\uff0dbaliyalau\uff0c\u4f46\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u5f71\u5c04\u5e55\u5f8c\u6709\u8a50\u7247\u96c6\u5718\u3001\u6aa2\u8b66\u55ae\u4f4d\u8490\u8b49\u3001\u571f\u5730\u4ee3\u7ba1\u55ae\u4f4d\u66f4\u5148\u767c\u5708\u5730\u7aca\u4f54\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u5343\u540d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u5730\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u70ba\u4f55\u4e0d\u7d93\u52d5\u54e1\u81ea\u52d5\u81ea\u767c\u5f9e\u5404\u5730\u4f86\u5230baliyalau\u96c6\u7d50\u5f8c\u6240\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5df2\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u571f\u5730\u8015\u4f5c\u624d\u6703\u5230\u8655\u6d41\u6d6a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u982d\u8def\u3001\u5931\u696d\u8005\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u662f\uff0c\u9c25\u5be1\u5b64\u7368\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u5f88\u666e\u904d\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u81ea\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u56de\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u8173\u8e0f\u5be6\u5730\u6c38\u7e8c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7956\u9748\u4e4b\u6545\u9109\uff0c\u7531\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u8a93\u5e2b\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002
\n\u64da\u806f\u5408\u5831\u4e5d\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5f9e\u53f0\u7063\u5404\u5730\u8d95\u5230\u7684\u8fd1\u5343\u540d\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728baliyalau\u4e00\u584a\u4e00\u767e\u9918\u516c\u9803\u7684\u570b\u6709\u8352\u5730\u4e0a\u81ea\u884c\u5708\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u8001\u7956\u5b97\u58be\u8352\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u780d\u9664\u96dc\u8349\u53ca\u6797\u5730\u96dc\u6728\u5c31\u5730\u642d\u5efa\u8305\u8349\u5c4b\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u5708\u5730\u958b\u58be\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u8981\u5be6\u73fe\u300c\u9084\u6211\u7956\u5148\u9818\u571f\u300d\u4e4b\u6240\u6c42\u3002
\n\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9019\u9805\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u56e0\u884c\u653f\u9662\u539f\u4f4f\u65cf\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u8981\u843d\u5be6\u6b78\u9084\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53f0\u7063\u5404\u5730\u539f\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u571f\u5730\u5f8c\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5373\u56db\u8655\u5c0b\u627e\u8001\u7956\u5148\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u82b1\u84ee\u7e23\u53ca\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u907a\u6563\u5230\u53f0\u6771\u7e23\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u5f8c\u88d4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8001\u7956\u5148\u66fe\u5728baliyalau\uff08\u73fe\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\uff09\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u958b\u58be\u8015\u7a2e\u3002
\n\u90e8\u5206\u65cf\u4eba\u524d\u5f8c\u65bc87\u300188\u300189\u300190\u5e74\u9593\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u9673\u60c5\u8981\u6c42\u9084\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u58fd\u8c50\u9109\u516c\u6240\u56de\u51fd\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u62ff\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u65cf\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u9023\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u66f8\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u65e5\u64da\u6642\u4ee3\u5fb5\u6536\u5408\u5e33\u6216\u767b\u8a18\u7c3f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5149\u5fa9\u5f8c\u571f\u5730\u7e3d\u767b\u8a18\u7c3f\u300d\u3002\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u662f\u6c11\u570b\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u767b\u8a18\u70ba\u570b\u6709\uff0c\u767b\u8a18\u4e4b\u524d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u8a72\u63a8\u7d66\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53bb\u627e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5373\u5c07\u4e0d\u6eff\u60c5\u7dd2\u5316\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9084\u6211\u7956\u5148\u9818\u571f\u300d\u7c4c\u5099\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u7fa4\u773e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6368\u68c4\u570b\u53bb\u7684\u62c9\u767d\u5e03\u689d\u6562\u70ba\u300c\u5708\u5730\u5206\u914d\u300d\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u65cf\u4eba\u4e5f\u7d1b\u7d1b\u97ff\u61c9\u3002
\n 2\u3001Baliyalau\u78ba\u5c6c\u7956\u5148\u9818\u5730
\n\u7956\u5148\u9748\u5730\uff0c\u53e3\u8033\u76f8\u50b3\u4e4b\uff0c\u963f\u7f8e\u65cfciloon\uff08\u5409\u7f85\u597d\uff09\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5708\u7684\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u78ba\u6578\u8001\u7956\u5b97\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505abaliyalau\uff08\u5df4\u9ece\u96c5\u8001\uff09\uff0c\u53e3\u8033\u76f8\u50b3\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u7684\u8001\u7956\u5b97\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u5efa\u5bb6\u5712\uff0c\u64da\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u6c83\u3001\u7269\u7522\u8c50\u5bcc\u662f\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u8015\u4f5c\u7684\u597d\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u5230\u9ec3\u660f\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u7267\u7ae5\u53ca\u8fb2\u592b\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u807d\u5230\u7267\u7ae5\u4e4b\u6b4c\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u98ef\u5f8c\u5230\u8655\u53ef\u4eab\u53d7\u6b4c\u821e\u6b61\u5531\u4e4b\u8072\uff0c\u771f\u53ef\u8b02\u4eba\u9593\u5929\u5802\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u7121\u6cd5\u8a18\u8f09\u50b3\u627f\uff08\u5c07\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u8b49\u4e2d\u6709\u8a73\u5be6\u4e4b\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e03\u5341\u4e03\u6b72\u7684\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\u9673\u6f22\u6cb3\u8aaa\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u5708\u5730\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u8001\u7956\u5148\u5728\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u58be\u8352\u95e2\u5730\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u771f\u76f8\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u4ee5\u5708\u5730\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u722d\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u8f09\u4e4b\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u70ba\u4f55\u8aaabaliyalau\uff08\u58fd\u8c50\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\uff09\u7684\u571f\u5730\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7956\u5148\u7684\uff0c\u9673\u6f22\u6cb3\uff08Atik\uff09\u8aaa\u300c\u662f\u8001\u7956\u5148\u53e3\u8033\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u8457\u8aaa\u300c\u9023\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u62ff\u4e0d\u51fa\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4ea4\u51fa\u4f86\uff1f\u300d\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u62ff\u51fa\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u6216\u6587\u737b\u505a\u53cd\u8b49\u55ce\uff08\u8a73\u5982\u9644\u4ef6\uff09\uff1f
\n\u58fd\u8c50\u9109\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\u674e\u91d1\u69ae\u5247\u62ff\u51fa\u8001\u7167\u7247\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u6c11\u570b\u5eff\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u7167\u7247\u300c\u58fd\u795e\u793e\u58fd\u4e01\u5718\u300d\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7a7f\u9ed1\u8272\u8863\u670d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u7236\u674e\u706b\u661f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u7236\u5e74\u662f\u982d\u76ee\uff0c\u58ef\u4e01\u5718\u90fd\u662f\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\uff0c\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u623f\u5c4b\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u5728\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5149\u5fa9\u5f8c\u9019\u68df\u623f\u5b50\u88ab\u62c6\u6389\uff08\u8a73\u5982\u9644\u4ef6\uff09\u3002
\n 3\u3001Baliyalau\u662f\u6492\u5947\u840a\u96c5\u65cf\u3001\u5676\u746a\u862d\u65cf\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7684\u6545\u9109
\n\u7531\u5f88\u591a\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u963f\u516c\u7684\u963f\u516c\u7684\u963f\u516c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u8015\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7576\u7136\u6709\u5e7e\u6b21\u56e0\u98b1\u98a8\u800c\u6d2a\u6c34\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u6642\u53c8\u53bb\u8a72\u5730\u5340\uff0dbaliyalau\u653e\u7267\u3001\u60a0\u904a\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u904e\u8457\u7121\u6182\u7121\u616e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eab\u7528\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u6c83\u3001\u7269\u7522\u8c50\u5bcc\u3001\u7267\u7ae5\u4e4b\u6b4c\u8fb2\u5bb6\u3000\uff0c\u5118\u60c5\u5531\u6b4c\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u4eba\u9593\u5929\u5802\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7684\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4f11\u9592\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u653e\u7267\u3001\u8015\u4f5c\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\n\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u5171\u6709\u8373\u862d\u3001\u91cc\u6f0f\u3001\u8584\u8584\u3001\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u3001\u6492\u5947\u840a\u96c5\u65cf\uff08\u98fd\u5e72\u3001\u9054\u56fa\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u6c99\u56fa\u862d\uff09\u3001\u5676\u746a\u862d\u7b49\u90e8\u7fa4\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7fa4\u843d\u90fd\u8207baliyalau\u90fd\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u90fd\u4ee5baliyalau\u70ba\u5e74\u9f61\u968e\u7d1a\u5165\u7d1a\u6642\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a72\u5730\u70ba\u7dde\u7df4\u9ad4\u80fd\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u6c42\u751f\u7684\u597d\u53bb\u8655\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u653e\u7267\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u8015\u4f5c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u5730\u9060\u96e2\u592a\u9b6f\u95a3\u51fa\u8349\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u5730\u5927\u7269\u535a\u662f\u751f\u8a08\u7d93\u6fdf\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5834\u6240\u4e5f\u53ef\u8b02\u662f\u4eba\u9593\u5929\u5802\u3002
\nBaliyalau\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u70ba\u5206\u754c\u9ede\uff0c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u8fb2\u8015\uff0c\u7531\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\u5831\u5c0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u53c8\u6015\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4eba\u53c8\u6703\u5408\u529b\u6297\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u9063\u6563\u5230\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u9063\u6563\u81f3\u8cc0\u7530\u5e84\uff08\u6cbb\u5e73\u3001\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\uff09\u5c31\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u6236\u4e00\u4e09\u4e00\u4eba\u6642\u503c1908\u5e74\u3000\u5357Fanao\u81ea\u7a31baliyalau\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4f86\u81eabaliyalau\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fc2\u6c11\u570b\u524d\u4e09\u5e741908\u5e74\u88ab\u65e5\u4eba\u758f\u6563\u65bc\u8cc0\u7530\u5e84\uff08\u5fd7\u5b78\u3001\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7a31\u8a72\u5730\u70babaliyalau\u5f8c\u4ee5\u6b64\u81ea\u7a31\u3002\u6c11\u570b\u4e09\u5e74\u65e5\u4eba\u8ca1\u95a5\u8cc0\u7530\u64f4\u5c55\u7cd6\u5ee0\u696d\u52d9\uff0c\u5283\u5b9abaliyalau\u70ba\u8517\u5712\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u6c92\u6536\u5176\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8feb\u6703\u793e\u4eba\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u6236\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u4eba\u7531\u982d\u76eeTopec-votol\u7387\u9818\u5168\u90e8\u79fb\u5f80\u9bc9\u9b5a\u6f6d\u7a0d\u5357\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u793e\u540d\u70bavanau\u65e5\u4eba\u7a31\u6c60\u5357\uff0c\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u9077\u96e2\u8cc0\u7530\u5e84\u5360baliyalau\u96c7\u8acb\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u6f22\u4eba\u5ee3\u690d\u7518\u8517\uff08\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff0c1985\uff0c64\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fd8\u4e86\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u4eba\u5728\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u6709\u90e8\u843d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c1908\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5f37\u5236\u9063\u6563\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u6236\u4e00\u4e09\u4e00\u4eba\u4f86\u5230\u6b64\u5730baliyalau\u662f\u9435\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4eba\u5149\u69ae\u3002\u6709\u7684\u6f22\u4eba\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5148\u65bc\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7121\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8ac7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7576\u6642\u53ea\u662f\u5f8c\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u800c\u88ab\u96c7\u70ba\u7a2e\u690d\u7518\u8517\u7684\u5433\u6c99\u90e8\u968a\u7f77\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5baliyalau\u662f\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u7684\u6545\u9109\u7121\u8aa4\u3002
\n 4\u3001\u9435\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6Baliyalau\uff08\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\u3001\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\uff09\u7684\u8b49\u660e
\n\u7fa4\u773e\u7d93\u904e\u8207\u7e23\u653f\u5e9c\u7e23\u8b70\u6703\u6297\u722d\u53ca\u5354\u8abf\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u8981\u9019\u4e9b\u7fa4\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8b49\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u6c11\u773e\u554f\u984c\u53cd\u800c\u4ee5\u7fa4\u773e\u9072\u9072\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u540d\u55ae\u70ba\u7531\u4f86\u642a\u585e\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7fa4\u773e\u4e5f\u65bc\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5143\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u56de\u51fd\uff0c\u610f\u70ba\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u540d\u55ae\u6838\u5099\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d0d\u5165\u7e23\u653f\u5e9c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8a08\u5283\u4f46\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5373\u6642\u7de8\u5217\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u53e3\u53e3\u8072\u8072\u8981\u7fa4\u773e\u5373\u65e9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u6392\u9664\u842c\u96e3\u9858\u70ba\u65cf\u4eba\u8ca2\u737b\u68c9\u8584\u4e4b\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u5118\u6240\u80fd\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\u5728\u77f3\u5e78\u52bb\u9577\u8001\u7387\u9818\u4e4b\u4e0b\u500b\u500b\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u76e1\u8cac\u76e1\u529b\uff0c\u62ff\u8457\u7167\u76f8\u6a5f\u3001\u9304\u97f3\u6a5f\u3001\u5bb6\u8b5c\uff0c\u624b\u7b46\u8a18\u5c0b\u627e\u8db3\u53ef\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u5bb6\u6236\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8f9b\u82e6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4efb\u4f55\u5967\u63f4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7e3d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u8a8d\u53ef\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u50c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u525b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e0d\u541d\u6307\u6b63\uff0c\u4f7f\u81fb\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002
\n\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u662f\u6191\u8457\u4e00\u80a1\u70ba\u6c11\u65cf\u627e\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u71b1\u5ff1\u4e00\u982d\u683d\u9032\u5177\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u7b46\u8005\u78ba\u8a8d\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u662f\u53d7\u904e\u57fa\u672c\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u90fd\u662f\u521d\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u771f\u3001\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u70ba\u4e4b\u52d5\u5bb9\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u908a\u505a\u908a\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u56f0\u96e3\u4f46\u7e3d\u662f\u8981\u505a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u514d\u6709\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u662f\u8981\u611f\u8b1d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51fa\u529b\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5df2\u5c6c\u990a\u5c0a\u8655\u512a\u4e4b\u9577\u8001\u77f3\u5e78\u52bb\u5148\u751f\u7387\u9818\u5e79\u90e8\u674e\u91d1\u96c4\u7e3d\u5e79\u4e8b\u3001\u5433\u7f85\u597d\u5e79\u90e8\u3001\u9ec3\u5065\u4eff\u5e79\u90e8\u3001\u3000\u8001\u66fe\u82f1\u96c4\u5148\u751f\u3001\u738b\u660e\u6e90\u5e79\u90e8\u3001\u9673\u6f22\u6cb3\u4e4b\u8001\u3001\u912d\u8d64\u4f0a\u4e4b\u8001\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u7b49\u4e0a\u5c71\u4e0b\u6d77\u622e\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\uff0c\u4f7f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u8cc7\u6599\u5982\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\n\u7531\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\uff0c\u5149\u7e8c\u5345\u56db\u5e74\uff081908\u5e74\uff09\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\u651c\u7737\u6f5b\u5165\u5c71\u5340\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u653b\u64ca\u9644\u8fd1\u9698\u52c7\u7dda\u53ca\u8b66\u5bdf\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u3001\u6bba\u5bb3\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5207\u65b7\u96fb\u8a71\u7dda\uff0c\u82b1\u84ee\u6e2f\u652f\u9f8d\u9577\u5ca9\u6751\u9593\u3000\uff0c\u89aa\u7387\u8b66\u5bdf\u968a\u8207\u99d0\u5c6f\u84ee\u7684\u5b88\u5099\u968a\u8d74\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u93ae\u58d3\u4ea6\u7121\u529f\u800c\u9000\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u65e5\u4eba\u52d5\u54e1\u5168\u53f0\u6b65\u5175\u3001\u7832\u5175\u806f\u5408\u4f5c\u6230\uff0c\u65bc1908\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u5175\u5206\u4e09\u8def\u9032\u653b\uff0c\u65e5\u5175\u5c71\u7832\u968a\u653b\u64ca\u6728\u74dc\u5c71\uff0c\u6b65\u5175\u9f4a\u5c04\u9285\u6587\u862d\uff0c\u81fc\u7832\u968a\u7368\u653b\u6c60\u5357\uff0c\u793e\u773e\u4ecd\u596e\u6230\u4e0d\u5c48\u6f5b\u5165\u6df1\u5c71\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u641c\u7d22\u884c\u52d5\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u70ba\u9632\u6b62\u6297\u65e5\u8005\u4e0b\u5c71\u8972\u64ca\uff0c\u65bc\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u69cb\u7bc9\u9698\u52c7\u7dda\uff0c\u5168\u9577\u7d04\u4e09\u5341\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\uff081909\uff09\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\u5b8c\u5de5\uff0c\u6d3e\u9698\u52c7\u99d0\u5b88\u4e26\u6d3e\u8373\u862d\uff08natauran\uff09\u9577\u8001\u5165\u5c71\u8aaa\u670d\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\uff08\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u516b\uff09\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u793e\u4eba\u6b78\u964d\uff0c\u65e5\u4eba\u8a0e\u4f10\u968a\u5728\u82b1\u5d17\u5c71\u8209\u884c\u89e3\u968a\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u6297\u65e5\u884c\u52d5\u9577\u9054\u4e09\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u66f4\u7a31\u300c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u3002\u65e5\u8ecd\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u4eba\u3001\u50b7\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u65e5\u4eba\u8a0e\u4f10\u968a\u96d6\u5df2\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u70ba\u9632\u6b62\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u793e\u4eba\u7a81\u8972\uff0c\u4ecd\u6212\u5099\u68ee\u56b4\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u7cfb\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u518d\u6297\u62d2\u3002
\n\u4e8b\u767c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u793e\u773e\u6f5b\u5165\u5c71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d42\u56e0\u7ce7\u98df\u4e0d\u6fdf\uff0c\u793e\u773e\u9042\u4e0b\u5c71\u8acb\u6c42\u6b78\u9806\uff0c\u65e5\u4eba\u6050\u5176\u518d\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a31\u9077\u8fd4\u539f\u5740\uff0c\u4e43\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u5340\u4f5c\u79fb\u4f4f\u5340\uff0c\u4e26\u758f\u9077\u793e\u773e\u65bc\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u4ee5\u524a\u6ec5\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u52e2\u529b\u3002\u6839\u64da\u82b1\u84ee\u6587\u737b\u4e00\u5c4b\u5167\u5c71\u80de\u6297\u65e5\u7d00\u5be6\u6240\u8f09\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u6b78\u9806\u7684\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u793e\u8a08\u4e8c\u516b\u56db\u6236\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u65e5\u5341\u4e8c\u6236\u4e00\u4e09\u4e00\u4eba\u5206\u914d\u81f3\u8cc0\u7530\u5e84\uff08\u5fd7\u5b78\u6bb5\u3001\u6cbb\u5e73\u6bb5\uff09\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fbaliyalau\uff08\u5df4\u9ece\u96c5\u8001\uff09
\n\u9019\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u8b02\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u642c\u81f3baliyalau\u7684\u539f\u6c11\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u66fe\u5c45\u4f4f
\nbaliyalau\u4e4b\u9435\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u5f9e\u53f2\u5be6\u8cc7\u6599\u53ca\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\u5831\u5c0e\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u8b49\u660ebaliyalau\u662f\u5357\u52e2\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u3001\u7a2e\u690d\u4f5c\u7269\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u653e\u7267\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u9084\u4f86\u904e\u6b64\u5730\u9082\u9005\u5973\u751f\u3001\u6709\u7684\u5f9e\u5916\u5730\u4f86\u5230\u6b64\u5730\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u6b4c\u821e\u6b61\u5531\u3001\u6709\u7684\u70ba\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u7684\u72e9\u7375\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f4f\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u3001\u6709\u7684\u9084\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u8ff7\u904e\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u9f61\u968e\u7d1a\uff08misaseral\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u5165\u7d1a\u7684\u6839\uff08teruc\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u6b64\u5730baliyalau\u884c\u91ce\u5916\u6c42\u751f\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u81bd\u8b58\u3001\u9ad4\u80fd\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u6c42\u751f\u53ca\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6355\u9b5a\u3001\u63a1\u96c6\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7576\u5730\uff0c\u8db3\u898b\u5728\u4e03\u8173\u5ddd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u6b64\u5730baliyalau\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u5730\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u6210baliyalau\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u66fe\u5e7e\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5929\u707d\u4eba\u798d\u800c\u7a81\u7136\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u99ac\u96c5\u65cf\u4eba\u96a8\u8457\u99ac\u96c5\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u800c\u6d88\u92b7\u8072\u533f\u8de1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7ad9\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\u90fd\u61c9\u8b93baliyalau\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u64f4\u5927\u70ba\u8b8a\u6210\u963f\u7f8e\u65cf\uff08\u90a6\u624e\u8d6b\uff09\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u6cbb\u5340\uff0c\u8b93\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u865f\u7a31\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u65cf\u4e5f\u7fba\u96a8\u963f\u91cc\u5c71\u9112\u65cf\u6216\u9054\u609f\u65cf\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u5177\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3001\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u89c0\u5149\u3001\u4f11\u9592\u4e4b\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u81ea\u6cbb\u5340\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u6b63\u8996\u6b64\u4e00\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002
\n5\u3001 \u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\uff1aCipito\uff0881\u6b72\uff09\u5bae\u524d\uff08miyamay\uff09\u4eba\u3002\u6797\u79c0\u83ca\uff0882\u6b72\uff09\u3002 \u5289\u963f\u7c89\uff0890\uff09\u30024\u3001\u912d\u8d64\u4f0a\uff08hagan\uff09\u771f\u8036\u7a4c\u6559\u5f92\uff08100\uff09\u3002\u66fe\u7389\u91cc\uff0886\uff09\u3002\u7530\u5929\u5fb7\uff08inusan\uff09\uff0898\uff09\u3002\u5468\u6587\u555f\uff08Akila\uff09\uff0887\uff09\u3002\u4f55\u7d14\u6e05\u58fd\u8c50\u5c71\u4e0b\uff08cialupalai\uff09\u7684\u982d\u76ee\uff0897\uff09\u3002\u9673\u798f\u79aa\uff08maaceadop\uff09\uff0881\uff09\u3002\u5831\u5c0e\u4eba\uff1a\u694a\u6c38\u6e05\uff0880\uff09\u3002\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u7565\uff09\u3002\u7260\u5011\u90fd\u662fBaliyalau\u9435\u7684\u8b49\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7121\u8996\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4fb5\u4f54\u570b\u9632\u7528\u5730\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u8b66\u544a\u554f\u8a0a\uff0c\u7acb\u5fd7\u5708\u5730\u8868\u9054\u8981\u56de\u5230\u7956\u9748\u61f7\u62b1\u4e4b\u6c7a\u5fc3\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5805\u6301\u3002
\n\uff08\u56db\uff09\u500b\u4eba\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u6b0a\u500b\u6848\uff1a\u5927\u90fd\u56e0\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u3001\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\u3001\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u7ad9\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u539f\u65cf\u4e4b\u7acb\u5834\u53f8\u6cd5\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u6216\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u76ca\u8005\u4e4b\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u6627\u8457\u826f\u77e5\u826f\u80fd\u826f\u5fc3\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\uff08\u500b\u6848\u6587\u5b57\u8aaa\u660e\u7565\u4ee5\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10\uff0d\u5982\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8a02\u5b9a\u8207\u57f7\u6cd5\uff1a
\n \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7121\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u6b0a
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u6cd5\u898f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u8a02\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u8655\u5883\u4e26\u672a\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7bc4\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u5be6\u9ad4\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7686\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u8209\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u50b3\u7d71\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u73cd\u8cb4\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5df2\u9054\u6c38\u7e8c\u5229\u7528\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u9867\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9738\u6b0a\u5fc3\u614b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u65bc\u6c11\u570b61\u5e74\u516c\u4f48\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u9678\u7e8c\u5efa\u7acb\u516d\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9019\u516d\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u967d\u660e\u5c71\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u8207\u91d1\u9580\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u56db\u5ea7\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5747\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u50b3\u7d71\u751f\u6d3b\u5730\u5340\u6709\u6240\u91cd\u758a\u3002\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u5be6\u65bd\u5f8c\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u885d\u64ca\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u9818\u57df\u5167\u4e4b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5f9e\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u904e\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u50b3\u7d71\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u751f\u6b7b\u640f\u9b25\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u6c38\u7e8c\u4e4b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u9023\u6839\u62d4\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u6c11\u65cf\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u3127\u4f4d\u6436\u901a\u904e\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u9738\u6b0a\u5a01\u6b0a\u6839\u672c\u6ec5\u65cf\u4e4b\u7121\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4f5c\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u7d71\u5408\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u516c\u5283\u4e00\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u63a1\u884c\u6240\u8b02\u7dad\u8b77\u6216\u5e72\u6d89\u53d6\u7de0\u4e4b\u611a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u5df2\u9054\u4fdd\u80b2\u7684\u8868\u9762\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5f37\u52e2\u570b\u5bb6\u9054\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6ec5\u65cf\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u7121\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u96d9\u8f38\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
\n\u4e00\u3001\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u591a\u5143\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5f37\u52e2\u8981\u591a\u5143\u8b8a\u4e00\u5143\u4e4b\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5c0a\u91cd\u6587\u5316\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u9867\u616e\uff0c\u70ba\u6240\u6b32\u70ba\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u300e\u723d\u300f\u7684\u7121\u667a\u6167\u7684\u9738\u4f54\u5168\u6b0a\u6cd5\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u9069\u6642\u63db\u65b0\u978b\uff0d\u6cd5\u6848\u5df2\u904e\u6642\uff0c\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\uff1a
\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u570b\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f9e\u6c11\u570b61\u5e74\u8a02\u7acb\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5df2\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u4e0d\u60d1\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u719f\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ad4\u8cbc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u96d9\u8d0f\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u627f\u8a8d\u7576\u6642\u6240\u5f15\u9032\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u8003\u616e\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6574\u90e8\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5747\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e0a\uff08\u4f46\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u6709\u6a5f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u4eba\u5171\u8655\u4e4b\u795e\u8056\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u8b93\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u4eba\u6c38\u7e8c\u5343\u5343\u842c\u842c\u5e74\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u5faa\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u65cb\u5f8b\u904b\u884c\u65bc\u5929\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5bf6\uff0c\u662f\u5916\u4f86\u7570\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u5176\u6158\u906d\u6ec5\u9802\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4f9d\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516d\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300e\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u4e4b\u9078\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96\u5982\u5de6\uff1a1.\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c0\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u5730\u7269\u3001\u5316\u77f3\u53ca\u672a\u7d93\u4eba\u5de5\u57f9\u80b2\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u9032\u751f\u9577\u4e4b\u91ce\u751f\u6216\u5b51\u907a\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u570b\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u907a\u7522\u8005\u30022･\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u53f2\u524d\u907a\u8de1\u3001\u53f2\u5f8c\u53e4\u8e5f\u53ca\u5176\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u57f9\u80b2\u570b\u6c11\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u9808\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u9577\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u8005\u30023･\u5177\u6709\u5929\u8ce6\u80b2\u6a02\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u98a8\u666f\u7279\u7570\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u9676\u51b6\u570b\u6c11\u60c5\u6027\uff0c\u4f9b\u6cb9\u6c23\u89c0\u8cde\u8005\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5730\u65b9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65e9\u5c31\u6d41\u50b3\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u58de\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u61f7\u7591\u4ed6\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u795e\u8056\u3001\u7576\u7136\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u4fbf\u6feb\u780d\u3001\u72e9\u7375\u3001\u6316\u6398\u7b49\u7834\u58de\u795e\u8056\u9748\u5730\u5f62\u70ba\u53ca\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5929\u7d93\u5730\u7fa9\u4e4b\u6559\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u50cf\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u591c\u90ce\u81ea\u5927\uff0c\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u7d93\u5178\u5462\uff1f
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u7121\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u795e\u8056\u4e4b\u8072\u97f3\uff1a
\n \u7531\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4e4b\u8a02\u5b9a\uff0c\u591a\u7531\u975e\u5c6c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e4b\u6f22\u4eba\u6240\u70ba\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u8a02\u7acb\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\uff08ethnocentrism\uff09\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u6f22\u4eba\u6c99\u6587\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u898f\u7bc4\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6f22\u539f\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u8207\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0d\u9069\u6027\u53ca\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8868\u5fb5\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u9738\u6b0a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u986f\u793a\u96b1\u542b\u8457\u6587\u5316\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u5a01\u6b0a\u6642\u4ee3\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u5145\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u6cd5\u4f8b\u6642\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u65cb\u5f8b\u5373\u523b\u5931\u8abf\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u6ec5\u65cf\u9ad8\u4e0d\u53ef\u6e2c\u4e4b\u5fcd\u8005\u9738\u6b0a\u6cd5\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u5fc3\u614b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u795e\u8056\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4ed6\u6c92\u7406\u7531\u9075\u5faa\u5916\u4f86\u653f\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6240\u8b02\u300e\u6f22\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300f\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6b67\u8996\u611a\u6c11\u6b3a\u6c11\u5fc3\u614b\u8a02\u76f8\u95dc\u6df7\u4e82\u4e4b\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff1a
\n \u7531\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8a02\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5fc3\u614b\u7121\u8996\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u6b0a\u64fa\u4e00\u908a\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u6587\u5316\u5c0a\u56b4\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8a02\u5b9a\u4e4b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u8981\u8acb\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u6280\u5c08\u696d\u5171\u9ad4\u6642\u8271\u4e4b\u9031\u5ef6\u601d\u8003\u4e5f\u514d\u4e86\uff0c\u81f4\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e4b\u9593\u5206\u5de5\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u653f\u7b56\u4e26\u672a\u5305\u542b\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u5167\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u64a9\u4e82\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002\u800c\u6211\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6b0a\u8cac\u55ae\u4f4d\u758a\u5e8a\u67b6\u5c4b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6cd5\u4ee4\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u898f\u5236\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u9664\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u6cd5\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5916\uff0c\u7adf\u6709\u6578\u5341\u90e8\u6703\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u8af3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6beb\u7121\u62db\u67b6\u4e4b\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9109\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u6f22\u4eba\u6b3a\u8ca0\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002
\n \u7d9c\u524d\u6240\u8a34\uff0c\u90fd\u6b78\u884c\u653f\u53f8\u6cd5\u898f\u5283\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u8af8\u516c\u5011\uff0c\u6f20\u8996\u4eba\u6b0a\u5c0a\u56b4\u3001\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u7206\u767c\u529b\u6240\u81f4\u3002
\n\u56db\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0d\u53f8\u6cd5\u6b63\u7fa9
\n \u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u56e0\u7121\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u6240\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5be9\u5224\u504f\u96e2\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u91c0\u9020\u4eba\u9593\u6d69\u52ab\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u751f\u547d\u8cc7\u7522\u4e4b\u7834\u6ec5\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u627f\u8a8d\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u8aa0\u610f\u7a81\u7834\u842c\u96e3\uff0c\u6703\u5c072005\u5e745\u6708\u767c\u5e03\u4e4b\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300d\u4e4b\u6cd5\u689d\u8996\u540c\u7279\u5225\u5211\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u56e0\u7121\u8996\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u9020\u6210\u4e4b\u8aa4\u5224\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u9072\u672a\u5ef6\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u8655\u7f6e\u7279\u5225\u6163\u4f8b\u4e4b\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u70ba\u4fdd\u969c\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u65cf\u7fa4\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u70ba\u53f8\u6cd5\u754c\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u70ba\u4f7f\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u6b0a\u66f4\u80fd\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u61c9\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u8e10\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u5957\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a
\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u91cd\u8996\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u7570\u4f7f\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6cd5\u5247
\n \u8a9e\u8a00\u4fc2\u4eba\u985e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u8207\u4ea4\u969b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u5247\u4fc2\u7d00\u9304\u53ca\u50b3\u9054\u8a9e\u8a00\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u53ef\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u8a9e\u8a00\u5728\u6642\u9593\u53ca\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u969b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e43\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u50b3\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8f09\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5730\u7406\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u8af8\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u8b58\u5225\u6c11\u65cf\u7e3d\u985e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6a19\u8a8c\uff1b\u5728\u63ed\u6aeb\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\u4fdd\u969c\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u6d3b\u9818\u57df\u5747\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6bcb\u5be7\u4fc2\u4e00\u9805\u61b2\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u95dc\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u85c9\u53e3\u963b\u6493\u3001\u58d3\u5236\u6216\u9650\u5236\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u767c\u5c55\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff1b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u9650\u5236\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u3002
\n \u5f9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9818\u57df\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8cab\u5fb9\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u552f\u6709\u901a\u904e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u624d\u80fd\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u4fc3\u9032\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5b98\u65b9\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5be6\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6b64\u4fc2\u4efb\u4f55\u591a\u8a9e\u6216\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u5340\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5018\u7121\u8996\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u52e2\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u4fc3\u9032\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5e36\u4f86\u5371\u5bb3\u6c11\u65cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u5340\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u56b4\u683c\u57f7\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u7dad\u8b77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u61c9\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u653f\u7b56\u3002
\n\u3000\u3000\u5176\u65bc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\uff0c\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8cab\u5fb9\u4ee5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u9032\u884c\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4ef0\u5f0f\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u5176\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u9805\u539f\u5247\u4fc2\u6307\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u9032\u884c\u8a34\u8a1f\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u70ba\u6211\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u5c31\u570b\u5167\u65cf\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u3001\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u69ae\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fc3\u9032\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u9805\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8cab\u5fb9\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5be6\u76ca\uff1a
\n (1)\u4fdd\u969c\u5404\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u4eab\u6709\u8a34\u8a1f\u6b0a
\n \u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u552f\u6709\u5728\u660e\u78ba\u4e86\u89e3\u63a7\u8a34\u7f6a\u540d\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u5167\u5bb9\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u8a34\u8a1f\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u65b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u95e1\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u7531\u548c\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u4f7f\u5176\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u88ab\u544a\u4e0d\u660e\u77ad\u8a34\u8a1f\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u53c8\u7121\u901a\u8b6f\u70ba\u50b3\u8b6f\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u9805\u8faf\u8b77\u6b0a\u5229\u52e2\u5c07\u7121\u6240\u7531\u771f\u6b63\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u6b64\u9805\u539f\u5247\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u76ca\u52a0\u4fdd\u8b77\u5176\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002
\n (2)\u64d4\u4fdd\u8a34\u8a1f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9806\u5229\u5be6\u65bd
\n \u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5018\u4ee5\u7576\u5730\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5075\u3001\u5be9\u4eba\u54e1\u63a5\u8fd1\u6c11\u773e\u3001\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u8b49\u64da\u53ca\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u6e05\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4fbf\u65bc\u8fa6\u6848\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u8a34\u8a1f\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8a34\u8a1f\u5ef6\u6eef\u53ca\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u7269\u529b\u7684\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002
\n (3)\u9054\u6210\u767c\u73fe\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u7406\u60f3
\n \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u57f7\u884c\u5be9\u5224\u8077\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u904b\u7528\u7576\u5730\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u5c07\u6848\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5be6\u67e5\u554f\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f5c\u6210\u614e\u91cd\u800c\u771f\u5be6\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u80fd\u67e5\u6e05\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u5c0e\u81f4\u51a4\u5047\u932f\u6848\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8d77\u65cf\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u5bb3\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u5927\u5c40\u3002
\n \u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u5730\u5340\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8868\u5fb5\u65bc\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8a34\u8a1f\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\u3002\u5f9e\u524d\u8005\u7acb\u5834\u4ee5\u8a00\uff0c\u70ba\u78ba\u5be6\u7dad\u8b77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u9032\u884c\u5075\u67e5\u3001\u8d77\u8a34\u53ca\u5be9\u5224\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4fc2\u70ba\u4e0d\u901a\u66c9\u6f22\u8a9e\u6216\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1b\u5c31\u5f8c\u8005\u6b0a\u5229\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u5018\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a1\u7528\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6bcd\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5247\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8a34\u8a1f\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\u5c07\u9762\u81e8\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcd\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u975e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u9673\u8ff0\u6216\u901a\u904e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u9032\u884c\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u8655\u5883\u3002\u5f9e\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u539f\u5247\u5728\u8a34\u8a1f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u904b\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u696d\u53ca\u5167\u5bb9:
\n A.\u8a34\u8a1f\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a:\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u6216\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7576\u5730\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u9032\u884c\u5be9\u7406\u3002
\n B.\u901a\u8b6f\u50b3\u8b6f\u7684\u4fdd\u969c:\u6cd5\u9662\u6216\u914d\u5c6c\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a5f\u95dc\u5c0d\u65bc\u901a\u66c9\u7576\u5730\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9060\u5ef6\u6587\u5b57\u8a34\u8a1f\u53c3\u8207\u4eba\uff0c\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u8b6f\u70ba\u5176\u50b3\u8b6f\u3002
\n C.\u8a34\u8a1f\u6587\u66f8\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f:\u8d77\u8a34\u66f8(\u72c0)\u3001\u5224\u6c7a\u66f8\u3001\u516c\u544a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8a34\u8a1f\u6587\u66f8\u61c9\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7576\u5730\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6587\u5b57\u3002
\n D.\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u990a\u6210(\u8a73\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0)\u3002
\n E.\u5c08\u5ead\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8207\u5be9\u7406(\u8a73\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0)\u3002
\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8acb\u6c42\u4f9d\u7fd2\u6163\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\u4e26\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u70ba\u7279\u5225\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b
\n \u6211\u570b\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u59cb\u5373\u975e\u4ee5\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u81f4\u672a\u80fd\u9069\u5207\u53cd\u6620\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u8fe5\u7570\u65bc\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u901a\u5e38\u96e3\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5229\u7528\u70ba\u7d93\u71df\u6216\u767c\u5c55\u5176\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5916\uff0c\u4ea6\u6642\u6642\u6709条\u4e82\u3001\u7834\u58de\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u60c5\u4e8b\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u5f37\u5236\u51a0\u4ee5\u6f22\u6027\u6f22\u540d\u4e4b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7121\u6cd5\u85c9\u7531\u59d3\u540d\u7b26\u865f\u8fa8\u8b58\u89aa\u758f\u9060\u8fd1\u7684\u8840\u7de3\u6216\u89aa\u65cf\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u767c\u751f\u591a\u8d77\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e82\u502b\u7684\u60b2\u5287\uff1b\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0a\u59a8\u5bb3\u98a8\u5316\u6216\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7b49\u7f6a\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6027\u98a8\u4fd7\u53ca\u50f9\u503c\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u5f37\u884c\u5165\u4eba\u65bc\u7f6a\u4e4b\u5acc\uff1b\u7e7c\u627f\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5e73\u5747\u7e7c\u627f\u539f\u5247\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\uff0c\u56e0\u8207\u884c\u4e4b\u4e45\u9060\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u6709\u9055\uff0c\u81f4\u5176\u89aa\u65cf\u6216\u5bb6\u65cf\u6bcf\u56e0\u5bb6\u7522\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u800c\u9677\u65bc\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\uff1b\u8ca1\u7522\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u4ea4\u6613\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4ea6\u8207\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u591a\u625e\u683c\uff0c\u81f4\u6dea\u70ba\u571f\u5730\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u77c7\u9a19\u8005\u6216\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u60df\u8fc4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u4ecd\u672a\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5728\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u5730\u5340\u5be6\u65bd\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5c1a\u4e4f\u89e3\u6c7a\u5169\u8005\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8abf\u548c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4ea6\u55ae\u55ae\u91cd\u8996\u6cd5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5dee\u7570\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u6240\u860a\u542b\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u81f4\u7121\u5f9e\u6216\u96e3\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u627e\u5c0b\u570b\u5bb6\u6cd5\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u929c\u63a5\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u55aa\u5931\u5176\u898f\u7bc4\u904b\u884c\u7684\u59a5\u7576\u6027\u8207\u5be6\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u88ab\u611f\u82db\u9177\u4e26\u8fed\u751f\u8a3e\u8b70\u3002
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